Take 5 Booster Settlement

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Take 5 Booster Settlement
In this presentation, you will learn 5 points
about settlement.
If you can learn them all then you should be able
to get a C grade in your GCSE Geography exam.
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Take 5 Booster Settlement

• A settlement is where people live. The location
  of settlements is
• dependent on many factors, e.g. resources,
  climate and relief.

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Reasons for Growth

• Water supply
• Defence
• Routeways
• Relief
• Distance
• Resources
• Railway towns

• Ports
• Market centres
• Manufacturing centres
• Resorts and spas
• Educational centres
• Religious centres
• Planned towns

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Densely populated
Sparsely populated
Geography Population
Places where people live
Good soil
Gentle slopes
Mountain
Forest
Steep slopes
Few natural resources
Desert
River Valley
Poor water supply
Many natural resources
Dense forest
TASK 1 Put each of these statements into the
table in your workbook. Can you add any more?
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Take 5 Booster Population
2. Settlements have different functions and
different spheres of influence (the distance
that people will travel in order to reach the
settlement). High order settlements have many
services and low order services have fewer
services.
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Hierarchy of functions (services)
Shopping complex, cathedral, large hospital,
football team, large bus and rail station,
cinemas, theatre
High Order
Cities
shopping centre, small hospital, banks, senior
schools
Large towns
Small towns
shops, churches, senior school, bank, doctor
Low Order
Villages
church, post office, shop, junior school
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Central place theory

• In order to purchase certain goods and use
  special services (i.e. hospitals)
• people often have to travel long distances. The
  distance people are willing to
• travel to buy goods and use services is called
  the range of a good or service.

The threshold of a good or service is the minimum
number of people required to support it. It is
assumed that people will usually use the service
located nearest to them. As a general rule, the
more specialised the service, the greater number
of people needed to make it profitable.
Village shop 300 people Primary school 500
people Doctor 2500 people Senior school
10000 people Supermarket 60000 people
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Central place theory
The area around each central place which comes
under its economic, social or political influence
is referred to as its sphere of influence. The
extent of the sphere of influence or market area
will depend upon the spacing, size and functions
(or services) of the surrounding central places.
Higher order central places will have greater
spheres of influence and lower order central
places will only have a small sphere of influence.

• Remember
• The larger the central place is in size, the
  fewer in number they will be.
• The larger the central place, the greater
  distance between them
• As a settlement increases in size, the range and
  number of its functions will increase
• As a settlement increases in size, the number of
  higher order services will also increase

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Christallers central places and spheres of
influence
Key
First-order settlement/service
Second-order settlement/service
Third-order settlement/service
Fourth-order settlement/service
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Take 5 Booster Settlement
3. Land use in cities can be shown using the
Burgess model. We studied land use patterns in
Bristol and Dundee and how they fit with the
Burgess model.
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The Burgess Urban Land Use Model

• Chicago, 1920s

• CBD core of the city. Contains shops, offices
  and entertainment. Few residential. High
  buildings.

CBD

• Inner City Mixed land use of small industries,
  small houses and offices.

Inner City
Inner Suburbs

• Inner Suburbs Housing dates 80 100 yrs.
  Terraced houses with back yards.

Outer Suburbs
Commuter Zone

• Outer Suburbs Semi-detached houses 1930
  Council houses. Shopping parades. Out-of-town
  shops.

• Why are high buildings found in the CBD?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of this
  model?
• How does the model fit with Bristol?

• Commuter Zone Green belt around urban areas.
  Beyond it, small towns and villages. High cost
  housing.

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We studied Dundee. During the next few slides,
compare the pictures of Dundee with your
knowledge of Bristol.
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The Central Business District (CBD)
civic buildings
A mix of old and new
shops
pedestrian zones
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The Twilight Zone some features
19th century housing nearby
edge of the CBD
car parks on cheaper land
vacant land awaiting development
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The Inner City Industry
In the 19th century more than half of Dundees
working population worked in the jute industry
derelict jute mills
The industry declined through the 20th century
and there are no jute mills in operation today
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The Inner City Housing
19th century tenements still occupied in 1970
1970!
Many derelict and awaiting demolition in 2004
or ..
2004
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Outer City Housing Council Estates
peripheral housing estates
Built by the local authority in the late 20th
century
often to re-house people from the inner city
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The Rural Urban Fringe
city gives way to the countryside
Agriculture competes with a wide range of land
uses mainly serving the nearby city.
or does countryside give way to the city?
garden centres
sports clubs
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Take 5 Booster Settlement
4. Settlements change over time some grow and
some decline. If a settlement is declining the
government can take steps to help it to
regenerate, e.g. the Gorbals in Glasgow.
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The Gorbals, Inner City Glasgow
Gorbals
1900s
1960s
19th Century housing was replaced by tower blocks
in the 1960s. This was called Comprehensive
Redevelopment. Some residents moved to council
estates in the new towns, e.g. East Kilbride
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Urban decay in the 1980s
Gorbals
By the 1980s, the area had an air of neglect and
dilapidation. The redevelopment of the area had
stopped and the effects of poor building
specification were apparent.
In 1980, after a great battle and rent strike,
the council bowed to tenant pressure to rehouse
remaining tenants from flats riddled with
condensation and water penetration. Options to
refurbish were dismissed and 759 flats were
demolished in 1987.
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Comprehensive Regeneration in the 21st Century
New Gorbals
Gorbals
Recognising the mistakes of the 1960s, a
council-led working group formed in 1986. The
emphasis today is on recreating more traditional
streets and clearly defined open spaces.
Better building materials, maintenance regimes
and greater attention to detail should ensure
that todays architecture should stand the test
of time. The developments re-introduce
four-storey tenemental housing, a new shopping
street and large communal back garden areas.
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Take 5 Booster Settlement
5. LEDC cities have different land use patterns
and different issues and problems to MEDC
cities. One large problem in many LEDC cities
is the growth of unplanned shanty town
developments on the outskirts, e.g. the favelas
of Sao Paulo. There are some measures that
governments can take to reduce these problems,
e.g. provide self help housing and increase
employment.
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Problems associated with LEDC informal
settlements
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Approaches to improvement