Carbon Compounds

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Carbon Compounds

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Saturated Hydrocarbons

• A Hydrocarbon is an organic compound that
  contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon.
• In a saturated hydrocarbon, all the bonds are
  single bonds.
• Alkane is another name for a saturated
  hydrocarbon.

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Ethane
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Characteristics of Hydrocarbons

• Factors that determine the properties of a
  hydrocarbon are
• The number of carbon atoms
• How the atoms are arranged
• Straight chain
• Branched chain
• Ring

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Straight Chains

• A hydrocarbon can contain one carbon atom, as in
  methane or thousands of carbon atoms, as in
  cellulose

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Halosomers
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Branched Chains

• The structural formula for certain alkanes can
  differ.
• Compounds with the same molecular formula but
  different structural formulas are isomers.

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The Ring

• Carbons can be arranged in a ring, such as
  cyclobutane.

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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

• A hydrocarbon that contains one or more double or
  triple bonds is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
• There are three types of unsaturated hydrocarbons
  alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Alkenes

• Many fruit bearing plants produce ethene, which
  controls the rate at which fruits ripening.

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Alkynes

• Alkynes are the most reactive hydrocarbon
  compounds.
• They produce extremely high temperatures while
  burning.

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Aromatic Hydrocarbons

• These alternating single and double bond
  hydrocarbons form a ring.
• Many of these compounds have strong aromas or
  odors.

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Fossil Fuels

• Three types of fossil fuels are coal, petroleum,
  and natural gas.
• The primary products of the complete combustion
  of fossil fuels are carbon dioxide and water

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Substituted Hydrocarbons

• The functional group in an alcohol is a hydroxyl
  group, -OH.
• The functional group in an organic acid is a
  carboxyl group,-COOH.
• The functional group in an amine is an amino
  group, -NH2

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Alcohols

• When a halocarbon reacts with a hydroxyl group.

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Polymers

• Polymers can be classified as natural polymers or
  synthetic polymers.
• Rubber, nylon, and polyethylene are three
  examples of compounds than can be synthesized.

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Types

• Four types of polymers produced in plant and
  animal cells are
• Starches
• Cellulose
• Nucleic acids
• Proteins