Fig' 3'11

1
Fig. 3.11
2
Fig. 3.12
3
Fig. 3.15
4
Important points about ions membranes

• Large changes in membrane potential are caused by
  minuscule changes in ionic concentrations.
• The net difference in electrical charge occurs at
  the inside and outside surfaces of the membrane.
• Ions are driven across the membrane at a rate
  proportional to the difference between the
  membrane potential and the equilibrium potential
• If the concentration difference across the
  membrane is known for an ion, an equilibrium
  potential can be calculated for that ion.

5
Fig. 3.12
6
Fig. 3.16
7
From Purves et al., 1997 Fig. 4.6, p. 80
8
Fig. 3.7
9
Fig. 3.17
10
From Wei et al., 1990
11
From Nicholls, 1994, Fig. 4.10, p. 55