Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems

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Chapter 15
Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems
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Health Standards

• 10.1.2 Analyze how behavior can impact health
  maintenance and disease prevention.
• 10.1.1 Analyze the extent to which individuals
  are responsible for enhancing health and safety
  in the community and the workplace.
•  10.6.3 Demonstrate the ability to design and
  implement a plan for achieving a personal health
  goal.

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Lesson 1 The Skeletal System

• Functions of Skeleton System
• Skeletal system provides a structure for
  the body. It includes a vertebrae of spine and
  supports upper body and head.
• Types of Bones
• Small bones-includes bones in legs
• and arms
• Short bones-bones in wrist and ankles
• Flat bones-In skull and protect organs like the
  rib cage
• Irregular bones-facial bones or vertebrae bones

http//www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/s
keletal/skeletalsystem.html
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lesson 1 Joints

• Joints
• Joints are the point were bones meet.
• Types of Joints
• Ball-and-socket joints- formed when a rounded
  head of one bone fits into the rounded cavity of
  an jointed bone.
• Hinge joints-would include elbow, knee, ankle,
  and fingers. Allows bone to bend and straighten
• Pivot joints- allow limited rotation or turning
  of the head
• Ellipsoidal joints- bone in wrist, and a oval
  shaped part that fits in a curved space, the
  joints slide over each other

Study Guide Lesson 1
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Lesson 2 Care and Problems of the Skeleton System

• Care of the Skeletal System
• Ways to care for the Skeletal system is
  to eat foods that contain calcium, vitamin D, and
  phosphorus, they can help prevent the development
  of certain skeletal disorders.
• Problems of the Skeletal System
• Problems of the skeletal system can be a
  result of poor nutrition, infections, sports, and
  recreational injuries and poor posture.
  Osteoporosis and dislocation of the joints are
  also other problems of the Skeletal System.
• Vocabulary
• Osteoporosis- is a condition in which progressive
  loss of bone tissue occurs
• Scoliosis- a lateral, or side-to-side, curvature
  of the spine
• Repetitive motion injury- is a damage to tissues
  caused by prolonged, repeated movements such as
  computer work

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Lesson 2 Injuries to Joints and Bones

• Fractures
• Hairline fractures- is were the fracture
  incomplete
• Transverse fracture- a fracture that is
  completely across the bone
• Comminuted fracture- is were the bone shatters
  into more than two pieces.
• Joints
• Dislocation- is when the ligaments attached to
  the bone are torn or out of place
• Torn cartilage- is a sharp blow or twisting of
  the joint
• Arthritis- inflammation of the joint and is a
  result of natural wear and tear

Study Guide Lesson 2
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Lesson 3 The Muscular System

• Functions of the Muscular System
• Involuntary
• Some involuntary functions of the
  muscular system are muscles to help you breathe,
  make your heart beat, and help move food through
  the digestive system.
• Voluntary
• Some voluntary functions of the muscular
  system are like playing piano, running, playing
  video games, and throwing a ball.

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Lesson 3 The Muscular System

• Vocabulary
• Smooth muscles- acts on the lining of passageways
  and internal organs.
• Skeletal muscles- these are attached to the bone
  and cause body movements
• Cardiac Muscles- is a type of striated muscle
  that forms the wall of the heart
• Problems of the Muscle System
• Bruise- is a area of discolored skin that appears
  after an injury.
• Tendonitis- is a inflammation of the tendon,
  caused by injury or over use aging
• Hernia- when a organ or tissue protrudes through
  an area of weak muscle.

Study Guide Lesson 3
http//www.innerbody.com/image/musc01.html
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Lesson 4 The Nervous System

• Functions of the Nervous System
• The nervous system coordinates all of
  the activities in your body, from breathing to
  digesting food or sensing pain or feeling of
  fear.
• Vocabulary
• Cerebrum- is the largest and most complex part of
  the brain, its covered with a thin layer of gray
  matter
• Cerebellum- is the second largest part of the
  brain and coordinates movement
• Brain Stem- is a three inch stalk of nerve cells
  and fibers that connects to spinal cord to the
  rest of the brain

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Lesson 4The Brain Stem

• Medulla Oblongata- regulates heart beat and
  respiratory system and reflexes such as coughing,
  sneezing, and vomiting
• Pons- the pathway connecting nerve impulses to
  other areas of the brain
• Midbrain- is a involuntary in such functions as
  controlling eyeball movement and pupil size
• Thalamus- is a relay center for incoming sensory
  impulses and sends information from different
  sense organs such as eyes and ears
• Hypothalamus- regulates body temperature,
  stimulates appetite for food and drink and
  regulates sleep

Study Guide Lesson 4
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Lesson 5Care and Problems of the Nervous System

• Care of the Nervous System
• Eating a well balanced diet, exercising
  regularly, and getting enough sleep affect the
  health of your nervous system.
• Ways to Protect your Nervous System
• Keep your nervous system healthy by
  protecting it from injury. To protect your head
  and spine wear a helmet and protective gear while
  riding a bike, motorcycle, skating, and any
  contact sport.

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Lesson 5Disorders and Problems

• Disorders
• Parkinson's disease-results in destruction of the
  nerve cells in an area of the brain that helps
  coordinate skeletal muscle movement
• Multiple Sclerosis- involves the destruction of
  the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of the
  neurons in the CNS
• Alzheimer's disease- results with neurons in the
  brain are destroyed If neurons become clogged
  with protein deposits, they are unable to
  transmit impulses result in loss of memory

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Bibliography
http//www.doe.state.in.us/standards/Docs-Health
/HealthStandards120202.doc Glencoe Health Book