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200506 National Family Health Survey NFHS3

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Title: 200506 National Family Health Survey NFHS3


1
2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)
  • Marriage and Fertility

2
  • Levels, trends differentials
  • Determinants of fertility
  • Fertility preferences and ideal family size

(c) 2001 Hugh Rigby/CCP, Courtesy of Photoshare
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
3
2.7
  • At current fertility levels, a woman in India
    will have an average of 2.7 children during her
    lifetime
  • Urban women have attained replacement fertility
    but rural women have on an average 0.9 children
    more than urban women.

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
4
Trends in Fertility by Residence
5
Fertility Differentials and Trend by Caste and
Religion
Muslim fertility is decreasing faster than Hindu
fertility thus, Hindu-Muslim fertility
differentials are narrowing. Fertility of ST and
OBC women has remained unchanged.
6
Just a Few Years of Education Leads to
Substantial Reduction in Fertility
  • TFR of women with
  • No education 3.6
  • lt 5 years of education 2.5
  • 12 years of education 1.8
  • TFR of women from
  • Lowest wealth quintile - 3.9
  • Second lowest wealth quintile 3.2
  • Highest wealth quintile 1.8

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
7
Total Fertility Rates for States
INDIA
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
8
States Classified by Level of TFR
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
9
Fertility Decline in High Fertility States
Between NFHS-2 and NFHS-3 in most of the states
fertility declined.
10
  • Levels, trends differentials
  • Determinants of fertility
  • Fertility preferences and ideal family size

(c) 2001 Hugh Rigby/CCP, Courtesy of Photoshare
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
11
Though, fertility in the 15-19 age group is
decreasing, still, a substantial proportion of
teenagers have begun childbearing.
  • 12 of women 15-19 are already mothers
  • 4 of women 15-19 are pregnant with their first
    child
  • In total, 16 women 15-19 have begun
    childbearing

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
12
Teenage Fertility by Age
Percent who are pregnant or already mothers
Age
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
13
Teenage Fertility by State
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
14
Age at Marriage
Percentage of women age 20-24 married by age 18
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
15
Initiation of Childbearing
  • Median age at first birth for women age 25-49
  • 19.8 (Total)
  • 20.9 (Urban)
  • 19.3 (Rural)

Median age at first birth increased by half a
year from 19.3 in NFHS-2
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
16
State-Level Variation in Early Marriage of Women
and Teenage Fertility
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
17
In most states, the proportion of women marrying
by age 18 is decreasing and median age at first
birth is increasing, but in a few states, the
reverse is happening.
  • Since NFHS-2,
  • In Arunachal Pradesh, Punjab, Mizoram, Sikkim,
    Tripura and West Bengal, the percentage of women
    age 20-24 married by age 18 has increased and
  • In Arunachal Pradesh, Punjab, Mizoram, and West
    Bengal, the median age at first birth has
    decreased

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
18
Birth intervals
  • In addition to their impact on fertility, birth
    intervals may also affect the health of mothers
    and their children
  • Birth intervals are also strongly associated
    with child mortality
  • Children born too close to a previous birth
    are at increased risk of health problems and of
    dying at an early age

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
19
Length of Birth Intervals
61 of non-first births occur less than 36
months after the preceding birth
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
20
  • Levels, trends differentials
  • Determinants of fertility
  • Fertility preferences and ideal family size

(c) 2001 Hugh Rigby/CCP, Courtesy of Photoshare
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
21
Ideal Family Size and Composition
2.9
2.3
2.3
2.7
2.5
All persons
Ever-married women
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
22
In the Majority of States, Ideal Family Size is
Below 2.5
  • Ideal family size of women and men
  • 2.5 to 2.9
  • Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar
    Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Arunachal Pradesh
    Manipur
  • Ideal family size of women and men 3.0- 3.9
  • Meghalaya, Mizoram Nagaland

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
23
Two-Child Family is Becoming a Norm
Proportion of currently married women and men
who want no more children
Number of living children
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
24
Son Preference among Women and Men
Proportion of currently married women and men
having 2 living children and wanting no more
children
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
25
Son Preference Level and Trend
Proportion of currently married women having 2
living children and wanting no more children
26
Son Preference by State
  • In states with replacement and below
    replacement-level fertility, son preference is
    low, but exceptions are Punjab and Maharashtra
  • In states with TFR between 2.1 and 3 son
    preference is lower, but exceptions are Haryana,
    Uttaranchal, Jammu Kashmir, Orissa,
    Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal

27
Desire for No More Children by Number of Children
(Below Replacement Fertility states)
Proportion of currently married women having 2
living children and wanting no more children
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
28
Desire for No More Children by Number of Children
(Below Replacement Fertility states)
Proportion of currently married women having 2
living children and want no more children
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
29
Desire for No More Children by Number of Children
(States with 2.1lt TFR lt3.0)
Proportion of currently married women having 2
living children and wanting no more children
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
30
Desire for No More Children by Number of Children
(States with TFR gt3)
Proportion of currently married women having 2
living children and want no more children
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
31
Wanted and Actual Fertility Rates
TFR
TFR
2.7
2.1
3.0
If unwanted fertility is averted, TFR will reach
replacement level
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
32
Key Findings
  • The Indian woman, on average, bears 2.7 children
    in her lifetime
  • Urban India has reached replacement-level
    fertility
  • Ten states, comprising 35 of Indias population,
    have already reached replacement-level fertility
    6 more states with 20 population are nearing
    replacement-level fertility
  • Early initiation of childbearing and shorter
    spacing of births are matters of concern

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
33
Key Findings, contd.
  • For most couples, a two-child family is the norm
  • Son preference, though reducing, still persists
  • Unwanted fertility forms a sizeable part of
    actual fertility and averting that is the best
    way to achieve replacement fertility

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
34
  • Thank You

35
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