Rome Roman Empire

1
Rome / Roman Empire
2
Geographical Advantages

• Italy
• Rome

3
Geographical Advantages of Italian
Peninsulawps.ablongman.com/.../
art/figures/KISH463.jpg

• Center of the Mediterranean
• Low mountains do not hinder trade
• Access by land and sea

4
Geographical Advantages of Romehttp//wps.ablongm
an.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KI
SH077.jpg

• Located on the Tiber River
• Not on coast (protected from invasions)
• Easy crossing at Tiber (trade)

5
Three Early Peoples to Settle Rome

• Latins
• Etruscans
• Greeks

6
Government
7
Republic is Born

• 509 B.C.
• Rome controlled by Senate
• In times of emergency Senate could appoint
  dictator
• Six month rule command army
• Role of Magistrates
• Made up of consuls, praetors, and censors
• Serve as advisors
• Role of Assemblies

8
Conflict of Orders

• Arise over class struggle between two groups
• Patricians upper land-owning class
• Plebeians - commoners

9
Roles of Citizenswww.bible-history.com/
jesus/jesus00000042.gif

• Every adult land-owning male had to serve in the
  army
• Taught discipline

10
Role of Conquered Peopleswww.starcostumes.com/
prodimages/AL26-309.jpg

• Full citizenship given to nearby cities
• Partial citizenship given to distant cities
• Most rights except right to vote
• Spread of Roman culture

11
Roman Gods

• Much like Greeks with different names

12
Jupiterwww.gridclub.com/.../ images/qa2c01f5.jpg

• Chief God
• Greek Equivilent
• Zeus

13
Venusdemo.interred.de/.../ image/10862_b8ea1cd26e
.jpg

• Goddess of fertility, love, and beauty
• Greek equivalent
• Aphrodite

14
Marswww.gavinmundy.freeserve.co.uk/ pix/mars.jpg

• God of War
• Greek equivalent
• Ares

15
Minervawww.vroma.org/images/ raia_images/minerva
.jpg

• Goddess of Wisdom
• Greek equivalent
• Athena

16
Cereswww.kfki.hu/arthp/art/a/anguier/ceres.jpg

• Goddess of Harvest
• Greek equivalent
• Demeter

17
Cupid / Amorwww.artlex.com/ArtLex/kl/images/kitsc
h_boug.cupid.lg.jpg

• God of Love
• Greek equivalent
• Eros

18
Mercurywww.crystalinks.com/mercurygod.jpg

• God of Messenger/Athletics
• Greek equivalent
• Hermes

19
Victoriawww.pantheon.org/.../
europe/roman/victoria.gif

• Goddess of Victory
• Greek equivalent
• Nike

20
Pluto / Orcus / Diswww.beazley.ox.ac.uk/CGProgram
s/Dict/image/hades.jpg

• God of the Underworld
• Greek equivalent
• Hades

21
Neptunewww.athenasweb.com/img/Neptune(god).jpg

• God of the Sea
• Greek equivalent
• Poseidon

22
Decline of the Roman Republic
23
Causes

• Spread of slavery in the agricultural system
• Migration of small farmers into cities
• unemployment
• Civil Wars
• Gaius Marius begins to pay army
• Army now more loyal to generals than Rome
• Marius vs. Sulla
• Over power gained by Julius Caesar
• Devaluation of Roman currency

24
Gracchi Brotherswww.patriotresource.com/gladiator
/graphics/history/gracchi.jpg

• Attempt reforms to preserve republic not
  successful

25
The Origin and Evolution of Imperial Rome
26
The Roman Republic ends
27
First Triumvirate

• Rule of Three

28
Julius Caesarweb.ics.purdue.edu/
rauhn/julius_caesar.jpg

• Will eventually seize power with assassinations
  and wins on battlefield with other members of the
  Triumvirate

29
Pompeywww.livius.org/a/ 1/romanempire/pompey.jpg

• Led solely for short time
• Defeated and killed by Caesars army

30
Crassiusmitton.free.fr/images/
albums/Victis01.jpg

• Dies in battle

31
Julius Caesar seizes power
32
Caesar as Emperor of Rome
www.sfu.ca/retirees/ 2004/assassination40.jpg

• Seen by rivals as ambitious
• Kill by conspirators in Senate on Ides of March
• (March 15, 44 B.C.)

33
Civil War breaks out

• Conspirators
• Brutus
• Cassius

• Supporters of dead Caesar
• Marc Antony
• Octavian

34
Civil War ends

• All conspirators are killed or commits suicide
• New power structure

35
Second TriumvirateRules from 43-38 B.C.

• Marc Antony
• Octavian
• Lepidus

36
Marc Antonywww.exn.ca/news/images/1997/09/18/1997
0918-bw.GIF

• Right hand of Julius Caesar before his death
• Makes pact/Has affair with Egyptian empress
  Cleopatra

37
Octavian

• Grand nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar

38
Lepidusweb.mit.edu/.../ photos/shoot/lepidus.j
peg

• Third member of Triumvirate
• Major supporter of Julius Caesar
• Eventually forced into exile by Octavian

39
Civil War Returns
40
The sides

• Marc Antony
• Cleopatra

• Octavian

41
Major battle

• Actium (sea battle of coast of Greece)
• Octavian wins and will later capture Egyptian
  capital of Alexandria
• Marc Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide