UNIX System Administration

1
UNIX System Administration

• System Administration Essentials
• (BSD, SVR5, POSIX)

2
Course Introduction

• History
• UNIX
• Architecture
• Environments
• Open Windows
• UNIX Internals
• Hardware
• Installation
• Peripherals

• Networking
• Sendmail
• AdminTool
• Custom Built
• Power Tools
• Internet
• Security
• Latest Greatest

3
UNIX History

• ATT multi-user needs
• Berkeley, POSIX, System V
• Acronym city

4
UNIX Systems

• text vi, sed, awk, perl
• file dd, cpio, tar
• help man, info, answerbook, RFC
• admin cron, at, passwd, mount, mkfs
• system tmp, swap, devs, tty, spool, syslog
• environment flavours, paths, shells, init

5
Client / Server Architecture

• startup / shutdown /etc/init.d, rc.local
• kernel process table, /proc, protection,
  modular, multitasking
• Applications daemons, inetd, services, GNU
• system users, groups
• net MBONE, NFS, tftp, diskless, X
• NIS yp, auto.home, aliases

6
Environments

• homogeneous / heterogeneous
• libraries static, dynamic, implications
• file systems /, /usr, /tmp, /var, /home
• root booting requirements
• config headless, console, diskless
• net X, MOTIF, CDE, thin clients

7
Open Windows (X)

• MIT X Server / client
• Manager OLWM, FVWM, TWM
• libs X, OpenLook, MOTIF
• startup, autostart apps, prefs
• terminals X-Term, Mac-X, Win-X

8
System Internals

• disks file systems, inodes, partition, format
• devices /dev/, MAKEDEV
• ttys real, pseudo, running out
• Protocols SNMP, TCP/IP, UDP, ICMP
• DNS ARPANET, authority, forward, reverse,
  Internic

9
Hardware

• internals disks, drives, bus, architecture
• handling static, magnets, grounding
• peripherals power order, serial port, keyboard
• horses bandwidth, clock, BUS, CPU
• Vendors x86, Alpha, IBM, PPC, Sparc, Ultra
• requirements multi-CPU OS, fault tolerant

10
Installing Solaris

• types quick, custom, remote/local
• background manual, plan, network, disks
• what do I need / want (packages)
• Mohawk, Apache and patching
• Upgrades (un)patch, migration upgrade
• motivation ________?

11
Peripherals

• serial modems, cua devices, mice
• printers local, network, protocols, queues
• BSD lpd, /etc/printtab, filters, hosts
• SVR5 lp, lpsched, /var/spool/lp
• external tapes, hard drives, SCSI, IDE
• Storage arrays, fiber, RAID, tape robots and
  automounters, juke boxes,
• fault tolerant RAID, fail over, hot swapable, OS

12
Networking

• history bodies, SNA, ARPANET, IP, LAT, DECNET
• Ethernet 10bT, 10b2, 10b5, FAST, Token Ring,
  FDDI, Sonet, ATM, Ubiquity
• ISO, OSI and TCP/IP, IPX, CAP and SMB
• topology, efficiency, bridging vs. routing
• protocols DHCP, PPP, encapsulation
• packet vs. switched X.25 vs. IP

13
Sendmail

• history, flavors and sources
• building the pieces
• configuring and making additions
• running and debugging
• patches, MTA, MDA, deliver
• security, WORM, smrsh
• apps, Majordomo, listproc, procmail
• SMTP, S/MIME, POP3, PINE, mail

14
AdminTool(s)

• useradd / mod / del /
• standard vs. automatic
• Admintool NIS, printing, accounts

15
Customizing the server

• custom code, apps, names, locations
• optimizations disk, net, code
• reduction installs, apps, libs, services, ports
• server tuning
• system, apps, services, networks

16
Power Administration

• power tools
• automation
• analyzers
• secure remote apps / services
• homegrown library and documentation
• GURU status

17
UNIX Servers the Internet

• buyer beware cavities and imp tours
• preinstall vs. admin install
• binary distribution vs. source compile
• documentation, FAQs, RFCs, GURUs, vendor docs
  white papers
• locations GNU, USENET, sites, lists

18
Security

• Internet CERT, AUSCERT, Spaff, ISM,
• Apps ISS, SATAN, Gabriel, Crack, COPS
• hackers methods, culture, sites
• mods S-Key, SSH, firewalls, wrappers
• gotchas R cmds, NIS, NFS, passwords, ethernet,
  login checks
• strategies custom code, detection / prevention,
  backups, obscurity, ________?

19
Late breaking developments

• security
• networking
• horse power
• interoperability
• user interface
• cool applications

20
Further Study

• newsgroups
• lists
• web sites
• standards and white papers
• IEEE, ISO, ANSI, RFCs
• OReiley
• Other publications
• Trade shows and instructor based courses