Energy systems

1
Energy systems Y13 Sports Studies
2
Muscles need energy to contract

• This energy comes from a compound called
  Adenosine triphosphate
• Or ATP

3

• ATP
• Which consists of
• One molecule of adenosine and three phosphates
• Why is it so important?
• Only usable form of energy in the body

4
ATP How is the energy released? By breaking the
bonds (source of potential energy) Which enzyme
is required? ATPase Is the reaction
endothermic or exothermic? Exothermic because
energy is released
5
ATP
Adenosine
Phosphate
Phosphate
Phosphate
ATPase
Adenosine
Phosphate
Phosphate
ENERGY
Phosphate
Phosphate
6

• So ATP produces energy
• Muscles cannot contract without ATP
• ATP is sometimes referred to as the energy 
• currency of the body 
• 
  
• ATP ADP  P  Energy 
• An exothermic reaction, energy is converted into k
  inetic or heat energy
• 
  

This Energy is converted to kinetic and heat
energy to allow the muscles to move
ATPase the enzyme that initiates the break down
7
However..

• The muscles have a very limited supply of ATP.
• If this runs out the muscles cannot contract
• So.
• The body has three systems that provide energy to
  allow the ADP to combine with a Phosphate(P) to
  re-synthesise ATP
• ADP P Energy ATP
• These three systems are called the Energy systems

8

• These are 3 energy systems
• 1. The phosphocreatine (PC) system or ATP/PC
• Anaerobic and Alactic
• 2. Lactic acid system
• Anaerobic
• 3. Aerobic system
• Aerobic
• They all work in different ways and you need to
  know the differences and the reasons or these
  differences

9

• The Phosphocreatine system ATP/PC
• Phosphocreatine or PC is a high energy phosphate
• compound that is found in limited amounts in the
• sarcoplasm.
• About how long can it last?
• Only for about 5-8 seconds of high intensity work
  
• When PC is broken down the potential energy
  stored in the bonds is released to provide energy
  to re-synthesise ATP

10
ATP/PC
Phosphate
Phosphate
Creatine
ENERGY
Adenosine
Phosphate
Phosphate
Phosphate
ENERGY
ADP P Energy ATP
11

• The Phosphocreatine system
• Coupled Reaction
• Phosphocreatine P Creatine Energy
• ADP P Energy ATP
• PC is a high energy compound which is found in
  the SARCOPLASM of the muscle.
• When the bonds between the PC molecules are
  broken down with the assistance of CREATINE
  KINASE, Potential (stored) energy is released.
• Creatine Kinase is activated when the levels of
  ADP increase and ATP decrease.
• COUPLED REACTION The energy has to be liberated
  (released) by the breakdown of PC before ATP can
  be formed.

12

• The energy liberated from the breakdown of 1
  molecule of PC is enough to generate 1 molecule
  of ATP.
• This process is ANAEROBIC and NO Lactic Acid is
  produced.
• This system provides an immediate source of
  energy to generate ATP up to 8-10 seconds. e.g
  100m

13

• The Phosphocreatine system
• Pros 
• An immediate source of effort for 8-10 seconds of
  high intensity work
• Does not rely on availability of oxygen 
• No fatiguing by-products are released 
• Delays onset of the LA system
• Cons 
• Only lasts for 8-10 seconds 
• Only re-synthesises 1ATP per 1 PC