Metabolism

1
Metabolism

• Body processes that take place in the cells and
  fluid surrounding.
• How the body converts the nutrients in foods into
  what it needs to do its work

2
Food and Energy (nrg)

• Food is the body fuel
• Dietary intake ?fuels body functions
• NRG nutrients ___ ? ATP( heat) CO2 H20
• Metabolism
• converts absorbed nutrients to cell fuel (ATP)
• it is how a hamburger becomes you!
• food nrg? chemical nrg
• ? mechanical, electrical and heat nrg
  

3
Food NRG? NRG to fuel body

• Eat nrg nutrients
• Digestion?_________ (glucose), amino acids (AA),
  fatty acids (FA) enter the blood (absorption),
  travel to cells
• Nrg in chem bonds of glucose, FA and AAs
• Bonds broken? nrg released
• (glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, Krebs
  cycle)
• Nrg released is what fuels work of body

4
Fuel Overview

• Glucose
• oxygen ___ ________ for ATP production
• ______ supply
• spares protein from use as a fuel
• required for efficient fat oxidation
• Fat
• ______ required for ATP production
• abundant supply
• carb and oxygen required for efficient ATP prod.
• made into ketone bodies when carb is absent

5
Metabolism of Feasting

• Nutrient ? Broken down to ? Excess stored
  as
• CHO Glucose liver/muscle
• glycogen fat
• Fat Fatty Acids fat
• Protein AA (first used fat
• to replace body N into urine
• protein)

6
Overnight (short term) Fast

• Storage used broken down used for
• to
• Liver (and some glucose brain
• Muscle) glycogen body nrg
• Body fat stores fatty acids nrg
• NO storage depot of _____ little used in short
  term
• fast as some CHO still available so fat still
  used
• efficiently for nrg

7
Long Term Fastingor ?CHO diet(beyond glycogen
depletion)

• Body Broken down Used for
• Component to
• Protein some AA? Glucose?brain
• body nrg
• some AA? Ketone ?body
• 
  brain nrg
• Fat Fatty Acids? Ketones ? brain
• body nrg
• CHO no longer availabletrouble!!!!!
• Ketosis occurs

8
Obesitycauses/cures???

• Simple basic cause.
• Long term positive energy balance
• True cause is very complex!!
• Overweight excess weight for height
• Obesity is a severe version of overweight
• Morbid Obesity ___ over ideal body weight

9
The Myth of Ideal Body Weight (IBW)

• If needed/desired one can estimate IBW using
• Body Mass Index (BMI)
• popular tool today
• relates height to weight
• 2. Generic Formula
• women 5tall? 100 5/inch over 5
• men 5tall?106 6/inch over 5
• BOTH estimates fail to account for body ______
  and frame size
• 3. IBW your wt. when eating healthy and
  exercising!!!!

10
Estimating Calorie Needs

• Calorie needs BMR Activity Thermogensis
• 100 65 25 10

11
Factors that Influence BMR

• Age
• Gender
• Body composition
• Fasting/dieting
• Illness (esp. fever)
• Thyroid hormone
• thyroxine, made of protein, contains ______,
  regulates BMR
• Iodine deficiency ? goiter, cretinism
• ____is fortified with Iodine in the US
• sea salt? no health advantage

12
Energy Balance (EB)

• NRG in NRG out
• Positive EB results in weight ____
• Negative EB results in weight ____
• Pound of body fat _____Calories
• A ____ Calorie deficit results in a 1 wt loss
• Is a 5 lb fat loss in a week realistic?

13
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

• Direct measurement of BMR
• 1. O2-C02 exchange
• food nrg O2?ATP/heat nrg C02 H20
• Indirect measurement of BMR
• 1.Go to www.bmi-calculator.net (then click on BMR
  calculator, after calculating BMR click on daily
  calorie needs)
• 2. Wt. in pounds x 10 (Or add a zero to your wt)
• 3. Wt. divided by 2.2 lbs/Kg x 25 Cal/Kg/day