Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting sources

1
Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting sources

• Wednesday, April 18, 2007

2
Agenda

• Summary Exercise
• APA style documentation

3
Exercise 1 Summary (AW p. 189)

• Label each paragraph with a subheading
  indicating the subject discussed in that
  paragraph.
• Introduction description of a cramming session
• Cramming, more harm than good (thesis)
• temporary mental lapse
• Unpredictable outcome of all-nighters

4
Exercise 1 Summary (AW p. 189)

• 5. Stimulants compound problems.
• 6. Stimulants cause sickness
• 7. Snap back
• 8. Stress promotes insomnia
• 9. Sleeping too much is harmless.
• 10. Conclusion/Suggestion do not change sleep
  pattern dramatically.

5
Grouping

• Group 1 Paragraph 1 2
• - Introduction cramming, more harm than good
  (thesis).
• Group 2 Paragraph 3 4
• - Outcome of sleep loss intellectual lapse
• Group 3 Paragraph 5, 6, 7
• - stimulants
• Group 4 paragraph 8
• - stress
• Group 5 paragraph 9
• - Sleeping too much
• Group 6 paragraph 10
• - Conclusion do not change sleep pattern
  dramatically.

6
Summary

• (Group 1) In his article entitled The dangers of
  Cramming, Keith Ablow informs us that staying up
  all night for exams is harmful according to the
  latest research.
• (Group 2) According to the author, sleep loss can
  decrease a persons intellectual ability
  temporarily. However, different people may suffer
  from such an impact of sleep loss to different
  degrees.

7
Summary

• (Group 3) Then, Ablow goes on to report the harm
  caused by the use of stimulants. He states that
  stimulants, in fact, do not help fix
  intellectual deficit caused by sleep loss.
  Instead, heavy use of stimulants may cause bad
  side effects, such as Caffeine Intoxication
  Syndrome, auditory hallucinations and
  paranoia and at the same time prevent people
  from going back to normal sleeping cycle.

8
Summary

• (Group 4 5) After that, the author points out
  that stress often leads to sleep loss and it can
  be reduced by doing relaxing activities. And he
  further states that sleeping too much does not
  cause any harm.
• (Group 6) Finally, Ablow recommends students not
  to change their sleeping habits dramatically
  before the exams.

9
APA documentation style

• Reference list
• A book with one author
• Last name, initials. (year). Title of book.
  City Publisher.
• Example
• Maslow, A. H. (1974). Toward a psychology of
  being. Princeton Van Nostrand.
• Leki, I. (1998). Academic writing Exploring
  processes and strategies. Cambridge Cambrdige
  University Press.

10
APA documentation style

• In-text citation
• According to Ablow (1985), stress often leads to
  sleep loss and it can be reduced by doing
  relaxing activities.
• Stress often leads to sleep loss and it can be
  reduced by doing relaxing activities (Ablow,
  1985).
• Albow (1985) points out that stress often leads
  to sleep loss and it can be reduced by doing
  relaxing activities.
• Ablow (1985) states that stress often promotes
  insomnia (p. 188).

11
Exercise

• Quote or paraphrase the two sentences below in
  your own research paper using APA in-text
  documentation.
• (Keith Ablow, Newsweek on Campus)
• Unless a person abuses his body with stimulants,
  he should be able to snap back fairly quickly
  from an all-nighter.
• The outcome of all-nighters is unpredictable
  because the impact of sleep loss varies so
  widely.

12
Homework

• Read the two sample summary/response papers.
• Note that the two sample papers are not models
  they are not perfect papers.
• Start to search an appropriate article or book
  chapter for the summary/response paper.