Maritime Domain Awareness

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Maritime Domain Awareness -- The Coast Guard
C4ISR Challenges CAPT James Cash,
USCG Chief, Office of C4 Sensors
Capabilities U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters james.m
.cash_at_uscg.mil

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National Plans for Maritime Security
NSPD-41/HSPD-13 PRESIDENTIAL SIGNATURE 21 DEC 04
Established MSPCC (Maritime Security Policy
Coordination Committee)
NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR MARITIME SECURITY
PRESIDENTIAL SIGNATURE 20 SEP 05
Ensure Maritime Security, Safety, Environment
and Commerce
Global Maritime Intelligence Integration Plan
10/05
National Plan to Achieve Maritime Domain
Awareness 10/05
Maritime Operational Threat Response Plan 10/06
International Outreach and Coordination Strategy
11/05
Maritime Infrastructure Recovery Plan 4/06
Maritime Transportation System Security
Recommendations 10/05
Maritime Commerce Security Plan 10/05
Domestic Outreach Plan 10/05

• Address Policy Issues that impact Information
  Sharing
• Increase Maritime Information Sharing
• - Stakeholder Board MDA Enterprise
  Architecture Hub
• - Info Sharing Hubs (Cargo, People,
  Vessels, Infrastructure)
• - Create collaborative global, maritime,
  info sharing environment
• Address Policy Issues that impact Information
  Sharing
• Ensure the Intelligence Community has all Info
  needed

Standup GMSA Aug 2007

• - National CONOPS
• Interagency Investment
• Strategy

Standup GMAII Jul 2006
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Federal MDA Context
HSC / NSC
ODNI
DHS
MSPCC
Comdt
CNO
MDA Stakeholder Board
GMSA
People Cargo Infrastructure Vessels
Domestic International Private Sector Info
Technology
MDA Intelligence Situational Awareness
Abbreviations HSC/NSC Homeland Security
Council / National Security Council MSPCC
Maritime Security Policy Coordinating Committee
DNI Office of the Director of National
Intelligence GMAII Global Maritime Air
Intelligence Integration GMSA Global
Maritime Situational Awareness

• Executive Agents for MDA
• DoD SECNAV
• DHS USCG
• DOT MARAD

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MDA Family of Plans
Natl Plan to Achieve MDA
National CONOPS
Inter-Agency Investment Strategy
Global Maritime Intelligence Integration Plan
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CG C4ISR Challenges

• See, Understand and Share Information with all
  port partners to provide consistent Maritime
  Security Nationwide.
• Deploy Sensors
• Leverage Intel Community Capability
• Fuse Data
• MDA Information Hubs a Model for Information
  Sharing in a Net Centric Environment

Functionally, Were solving the same problem
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Complex MDA Security Challenge
ALLIES FRIENDS
Legitimate Trade Transnational Threats
US Air Force
High Seas
Ensure Maritime Domain Awareness... the effective
understanding of anything associated with the
maritime domain that could impact the security,
safety, economy of the United States, and
identifying threats as early and distant from our
shores as possible. National Strategy for
Maritime Security, 2005
US Navy
Protection of Marine Environment, Fisheries
Offshore Energy
US Customs
EEZs
US Coast Guard
US Customs
Territorial Sea
US BorderPatrol
Border Patrol Helo
Border Zone
US Coast Guard
Ports Inland Waterways Safety Security
Regional, State, and Local Agencies, Police and
Fire Departments...
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MDA Layered Coverage Areas
LRIT
CG Enterprise

• Global position reporting mandated by SOLAS
  regulations.
• 4 daily broadcasts mandated by IMO
• More than 160 contracting governments
  participating in LRIT.
• Track 40,000 SOLAS Class vessels globally.
• Satellite based reporting.

NAIS

• Nationwide network of towers transceivers.
• VHF radio-based (line of sight technology),
  self-generated vessel reports mandated by
  IMO/SOLAS regulations.
• Conceptually similar to aircraft transponders.
• Provides AIS data feed to CG enterprise data
  stores.
• Inside 50 NM near real time reports
  (seconds/minutes).
• Inside 2000NM less frequent satellite based
  coverage.

Integrated Operations Center/Command 21

• SCC monitors vessel behavior with radars and
  cameras.
• Corroborate vessel behavior with actions
  advertised in LRIT/NAIS.
• Joint planning and operations tools.
• Real-time operational decision support.
• Covers critical port/coastal approaches to 24NM.
• Ingests fused intel products from systems like
  MAGNet and other Situational Awareness data.

Foreign Port
US Port
All 3 tracking systems feed data to CG enterprise
data warehouse (OSC). MAGNet uses feeds for
strategic intelligence fusion.
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LRIT ConceptUsed with permission of Inmarsat
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LRIT Coverage

• Flag States - All flag ships worldwide.
• Port States - All ships indicating an intention
  to enter a port facility, at a distance or time
  set by the Port State, but not in internal waters
  of another contracting government.
• Coastal States - All ships, regardless of flag,
  within a distance of 1000 nautical miles of the
  coast, but not in internal waters of another
  contracting government, nor in the territorial
  sea of the contracting government whose flag the
  ship is entitled to fly.

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NAIS will provide
NAIS Services

• Automatic reception of AIS information (vessel
  ID, location, speed, and other navigational
  information) nationwide out to 2,000nm from shore
• Capability to transmit standard AIS messages
• Enable Blue Force (Government Asset) Tracking
• Capability to pass near real time vessel data on
  to Common Operational Picture for improved
  situational awareness
• Capability to share vessel data with other
  agencies and systems for data fusion and improved
  operational decision making.

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Nationwide AIS Operational View 1 Increment 1
Receive Only in 55 Critical Ports 9 Coastal
Areas
Operations Systems Center
NAIS Storage, Correlation, Dissemination
Sector Command Center
Navigation Center
NAIS Management Monitoring
Network Node
Manages the Local Tactical Picture
Encrypted AIS used for Blue Force Tracking
CGDN/OneNet/ Internet, and other networks or
portals (e.g., COP)
AIS Data Viewable on COP
Provides net-centric connectivity across domains
NAIS Increment 1 Critical Port Coverage
Class A User
Current Coverage in VTS Ports and at Prototype
Sites
Shipboard AIS used on AIS equipped vessels for
navigation safety
Maritime Intelligence Fusion Centers other
Users of NAIS data
Sector Command Center
Provided direct feed of AIS data
Network Node
Legend of Connectivity
Class B User
Current State NAIS INC 1 CGDN/OneNet/ Internet
NAIS Increment 1Critical Coastal Coverage
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Coastal Coverage
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NAIS I-1 Coverage October 2007
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Nationwide AIS Operational View 1 Increment 2
Transmit Receive Nationwide
NAIS provides data link for asset tracking and
information exchange
Operations Systems Center
NAIS Storage, Correlation, Dissemination
Sector Command Center
Navigation Center
Network Node
NAIS Management Monitoring
Manages the Local Tactical Picture
Encrypted AIS used for Blue Force Tracking
CGDN/OneNet/ Internet, and other networks or
portals (e.g., COP)
Provides net-centric connectivity across domains
NAIS Increment 2 Nationwide Coastal Coverage
NAIS Increment 1 Critical Port Coverage
Class A User
Current Coverage in VTS Ports and at Prototype
Sites
Shipboard AIS used on AIS equipped vessels for
navigation safety
Maritime Intelligence Fusion Centers other
Users of NAIS data
Sector Command Center
Provided direct feed of AIS data
Network Node
Legend of Connectivity
Class B User
Current State NAIS INC 1 NAIS INC
2 CGDN/OneNet/ Internet
NAIS Increment 2 Nationwide Coastal Coverage
NAIS Increment 1 Critical Coastal Coverage
Coverage gaps filled by INC 2
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Coastal Coverage
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Nationwide AIS Operational View 1 Increment 3
Long-range Receive Nationwide
Low Earth Orbiting AIS Equipped Satellite
Commercial SATCOM for Offshore Platforms and Buoys
Operations Systems Center
Land Earth Station(s)
NAIS Storage, Correlation, Dissemination
Network Node
Navigation Center
NAIS Management Monitoring
Encrypted AIS used for Blue Force Tracking
Sector Command Center
CGDN/OneNet/ Internet, and other networks or
portals (e.g., COP)
NAIS Increment 3 Long-Range Coverage
Provides net-centric connectivity across domains
NAIS Increment 2 Nationwide Coastal Coverage
NAIS Increment 1 Critical Port Coverage
Offshore Platforms
Class A User
Current Coverage in VTS Ports and at Prototype
Sites
Shipboard AIS used on AIS equipped vessels for
navigation safety
Maritime Intelligence Fusion Centers other
Users of NAIS data
Sector Command Center
NAIS Increment 3 Long-Range Coverage
Network Node
Coverage gaps filled by INC 2
Legend of Connectivity
Class B User
NAIS Increment 2 Nationwide Coastal Coverage
Current State NAIS INC 1 NAIS INC 2 NAIS INC
3 Comms Link CGDN/OneNet/Internet
NOAA Data Buoys
NAIS Increment 1 Critical Coastal Coverage
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Coastal Coverage
Long Range (2000nm) Coverage
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AIS from Space

• 6 AIS-enabled satellites launched 6/08
• 1 CG Concept Demo satellite
• 5 quick launch ORBCOMM birds
• 1 quick launch ground spare
• ORBCOMM made business decision to develop
  implement AIS capability on additional comml
  satellites
• Next Generation ORBCOMM satellites
• AIS capability included in requirements
• Up to 25 AIS enabled satellites expected by end
  of 2011
• NAIS Procuring Data as a Service, not satellites.

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Nationwide AISHigh-level Operational View
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Interagency Operations Centers/ Command 21 (IOC /
C21)
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WatchKeeper Installations
Seattle
Portland
Sault Ste Marie
N NE
Buffalo
Boston
Long Isl.
SE NE
Detroit
Lake Michigan
New York
Del Bay
Baltimore
San Francisco
Ohio Valley
Hampton Roads
Upper Mississippi
North Carolina
Lower Mississippi
LA / LB
Charleston
San Diego
Mobile
Jacksonville
New Orleans
Houston - Galveston
St Petersburg
Corpus Christi
Miami
Key West
Coast Guard Sector CC Locations
San Juan
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Current Capability Gaps

• Sector Command Centers Lack
• Basic awareness of vessel activities near
  vulnerable port and coastal infrastructure
• Systems linking ever-increasing volume of
  information with vessels to help determine threat
  and develop the correct course of action
• Infrastructure for effective information sharing
  andjoint operations with port partners

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Planned Capability

• Three distinct areas of new capability
• Robust information management tools to improve
  interagency coordination, enhance situational
  awareness, and automate anomaly detection
• Facilities to accommodate port partners, host
  daily coordination activities, and provide space
  for surge ops
• An adaptable sensor network to actively monitor
  critical port and coastal infrastructure
  waterways
• Fulfills SAFE Port Act mandate for Interagency
  Operations Centers for Port Security
• Also increases Port Safety and Response
  coordination

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IOC/WatchKeeper Concept
Link Information with Operations
CONSUME DATA
ORGANIZE
APPLY KNOWLEDGE
VISUALIZE/SHARE/ACT

• Integrated USCG and Interagency IT Systems
• Sensors
• External Data
• Capture Watch Events

• Arrange All Information in Context of the Users
• Reuse this Context Throughout SCCs
• Single Data Entry Point

• Business Rules/ Workflow/ Planning Inputs
• Anomaly Detection Alerts
• Decision Support/ Knowledge Mgmt
• Analyze/Monitor Vessel Behavior

• Actionable Situation Awareness
• Issue / Monitor Tasking
• Publish Selected Info to Port Partners
• Coordinate Inter-Agency Operations
• Automated Briefings, Notifications, Logs, Reports

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Conceptual WatchKeeper Architecture
Tomorrow
Today
WatchKeeper
Intelligence
MISLE
Port Partners
Patrol/Boarding Maintenance Schedules
Information Networks
Arrival Notices
Radars/Cameras
Environmental Conditions
NAIS COP
Operator is the Integrator
Operator is the Evaluator
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Notional Display
Current Tactical Picture Ex Blue Force, AIS,
Radar, Wx, Events
Planned Events Ex Arrivals, Boardings, Resource
Status, Marine Events, Wx
User Selectable Details Ex Vessel Information,
Case Information, cameras
Geographical
Temporal
Detailed
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Maritime Domain Awareness

Challenges Ahead
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MDA GovernanceCoordinate with Air and Land

• Executive Agents for MDA
• DOD
• Coast Guard
• DOT
• Northcom Executive Agent for ADA
• CBP Executive Agent
• LDA
• Civil ADA

Functionally, Were solving the same problem
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MDA GovernanceCoordinate with Air and Land

• Air National Capital Region
• Enhanced Regional Situational Awareness
• Land SBINET
• Maritime
• DOD MDA Spiral 1, Non Class Enclave
• DHS - CG IOC/C21 Watchkeeper, CG Homeports
  Alert and Warning System.
• DOT - Marview
• CBP SBINETNorthern Border

Functionally, Were solving the same problem
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CG C4ISR Challenges

• See, Understand and Share Information with all
  port partners to provide consistent Maritime
  Security Nationwide.
• Deploy Sensors
• Leverage Intel Community Capability
• Fuse Data
• MDA Information Hubs a Model for Information
  Sharing in a Net Centric Environment

Functionally, Were solving the same problem
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Federal MDA Governance
Chaired National Level Flag,
U/S
Chaired OGMSA,OGMAII Level Dep U/S,
SES/Flag
Chaired OGMSA,OGMAII Level
SES/0-6
MDA
Enterprise Hubs
Agency Leads CBP, ONI/ICC, DHS IP, DoN CIO
Level GS-15/-14
Cargo
Infrastructure
People
Vessel
Architecture Management
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Maritime Domain Awareness
Thank you for your partnership!
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Federal MDA Executive Agents-- DoD, DHS DOT

• Coordinate integrate federal policies, plans,
  programs associated with MDA related activities
• Ensure effective interagency MDA planning
  execution
• Identify MDA requirements necessary resources
• Act as principle Dept reps at interagency MDA
  policy forums
• Assess evaluate federal MDA performance
  report results
• Establish maintain MDA EA business records
• In coordination with other MDA EAs, recommend
  perspective Directors of GMSA GMAII when
  necessary
• Liaise with other federal MDA EAs

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Maritime Info Sharing Hub Structure
MARITIME INFORMATION SHARING ENTERPRISE
HUBS Other Categories of information that
justify a Hub
Information Sharing Cargo Enterprise Hub
(DHS-CBP) Information Sharing People
Enterprise Hub (DHS-CBP) Information Sharing
Infrastructure Enterprise Hub
(DHS-NIC) Information Sharing Vessel Enterprise
Hub (TBD)
MARITIME ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE HUB
(DoD-DoN) Increase Discoverability/Shareability
of Maritime Info across COI DoD Led National and
Intl Leadership Processes, Support, Resources
Inter-Agency and Intl Alignment Find Best
Solutions
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NAIS Acquisition Strategy

• I-1 Receive Only in Critical Ports Military
  Interdepartmental Purchase Request (MIPR) to
  Naval Sea Logistics Center
• Validate government design
• Purchase and install AIS receive-only equipment
  at
• USCG designated sites
• Design and implement integrated support

I-1 Installation and Operational Testing is
Completetransitioning to sustainment
Increment 1 design, hardware, software and
performance/support data provided as Government
Furnished Equipment/Information and offered for
use in Increment 2.

• Summary of All Acquisition Transactions
• 4 contracts, 2 Military Interdepartmental
  Purchase Requests (MIPRs), and 3 Memorandums of
  Agreement (MOAs) to balance need for
• Interoperability
• Leveraging existing Govt infrastructure and
• expertise
• Maintain Competition
• Best technical solutions and minimizing reliance
  
• on proprietary systems

• I-2 Nationwide Coverage w/ Transmit Receive
  
• Single award to a Systems Integrator through IOC
  (Phase 1) and subsequent multiple award contract
  for FOC (Phase 2) deployment using competitive
  orders for each region.
• Phase 1 Core system design, integration, and
  testing IOC coverage design and site selection
  systems engineering, ILS, and PM services
• Phase 2 Systems engineering sector coverage
  modeling and site selection site implementation
  by coverage area TE support.

• I-3 Long-range Receive 3 Contract Actions
• Service Contract to satellite provider (DHS
  Eagle as source alternative)
• Contract for AIS on offshore platforms (DHS
  Eagle as source alternative)
• MIPR to National Data Buoy Center for AIS on
  data buoys
• System support to be included in each contract

Backbone For All Increments MOA w/
Telecommunication and Information Systems Command
(TISCOM) Connectivity Services (CGDN/DHS
OneNet) MOA w/ Operations Systems Center (OSC)
for Enterprise Data Warehouse Services MOA w/
Navigation Center (NAVCEN) for System Operations
Center Services

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