Diabetes

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Diabetes

• U.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes Project

Pan American Health Organization U.S. Mexico
Border Field Office [phone] decosio_at_fep.pah
o.org/ruizrosa_at_fep.paho.org
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Diabetes definition

• Metabolic disorder of multiple etiology (causes)
  characterized by hyperglycemia with
  carbohydrates, fat, and protein metabolic
  alterations that result in defects in the
  secretion of insulin, its action or both.

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What is diabetes?

• The majority of intake of food is converted into
  glucose.
• The pancreas produces the insulin hormone, which
  help the organism to take advantage of glucose.
• In persons with diabetes, the insulin does not
  work. Therefore, the sugar and the fat increase
  in the blood.

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Symptoms of diabetes

• Polyuria (urinating frequently)
• Polydipsia (very thirsty)
• Weight loss

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Other diabetes symptoms

• Continuos hunger
• Fatigue
• Dry skin
• Frequent infections
• Feet ulceration
• Loss of sensibility in inferior extremities
  (legs)
• Erectile dysfunction

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Types of diabetes

• Type 1
• No production of insulin
• Initiates in childhood or adolescence
• Type 2
• Deficient production or improper utilization of
  insulin
• Generally initiates after 30 years of age

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Risk factors
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Risk factors

• Family history of diabetes
• Older than 30 years of age
• Lack of physical activity
• Sedentarism ( person with little or no physical
  activity)
• Poor diet
• Excessive weight

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Risk factors

• Lack of knowledge on the disease
• No health care access
• Consumption of alcohol and drugs
• Smoking
• Cultural myths

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Diabetes complications

• Retinopathy (blindness?)
• Nephropathy (kidney problems)
• Feet ulceration and/or amputations
• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidemia (cholesterol?)
• Erectile Dysfunction
• Gestational diabetes (during pregnancy)
• Diabetes and HIV

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Diabetes complications
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Diagnosis

• Symptoms
• (suggest possible diabetes)
• High glucose in blood
• (confirm if higher than 126 mg/dl)
• Glucose in hemoglobin
• (indicates quality of diabetes control - higher
  than 7 mmol)

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Treatment and control

• Medications
• (insulin vs. hypoglycaemic agents)
• Increase physical activity
• at least walk for 30 min. most days
• Appropriate diet
• vegetables
• fruit
• low in fat and carbohydrates
• Lifestyle changes

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Prevention and/or delay of diabetes complications

• Well balanced diet
• Exercise
• Medications when appropriate
• Timely access to health care services
• No tobacco
• No alcohol

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Tips for healty cooking

• Cook of boil meat insted of frying
• Take the skin of chicken before cooking
• Use less salt and sugar when preparing food
• Avoid fat

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Tips for healty cooking

• Use fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables when
  eating or in between meals
• Use low fat chesse instead of regular chesse
• Use low fat milk
• Drink fruit juice instead of powder juice

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Nutritional Pyrimid
CDC Webpage
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Physical Activity

• To control diabetes the recommendation is to
  increase physical activity, preferably every day
  for 20 minutes.

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Physical Activity

• Benefits
• Lowers glucose levels in blood
• Improves blood circulation in the entire body
• Contributes to weight loss
• Improves physical and mental wellbeing
• Helps the body to utilize insulin more efficiently

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Physical Activity

• Consult your doctor before you start a physical
  activity program
• Start you program slowly and increase activity
  level gradually
• You can choose the physical activity that that
  you like to do