13 Colonies

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13 Colonies

• Life in the

By Mr. Lester
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Countries in the North America

• Spain
• France
• Sweden
• Holland
• England

By the 17th Century
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1st Settlement by the English

• 1607
• Jamestown, Virginia
• First English colony in America to survive and
  become permanent.
• Supported itself through tobacco farming.
• Later the capital of Virginia and the site of the
  House of Burgesses.

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Pocahontas John Smith
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Jamestown Model Fort
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1620 Pilgrims to Plymouth

• English Puritans who fled England to escape
  religious persecution.
• After a 65-day journey from Southampton, England,
  they landed in Plymouth Harbor on the western
  side of Cape Cod Bay on December 21, 1620.
• Under the leadership of William Bradford, they
  signed the Mayflower Compact, which created their
  own government.

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William Bradford

• One of the original leaders of the Plymouth
  Colony, founded by the Pilgrims in New England in
  1620.
• Elected governor of the colony in 1621 and
  re-elected 30 times. He coined the term
  "Pilgrims."

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Massasoit

• The chief of the Native American tribe the
  Wampanoag.
• He was introduced to the Pilgrims by Samoset and
  later signed a peace treaty with them that lasted
  for 50 years.

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Samoset

• Native American who first met the Pilgrims.
• It was he who walked into their settlement and
  said, "Greetings, Englishmen."
• Returned several times, bringing other Native
  Americans, including the great Massasoit, leader
  of the Wampanoag, who made a peace treaty with
  the Pilgrims.

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Squanto

• Native American who befriended the Pilgrims and
  taught them how to grow food.

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Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was a document signed by 41
male Pilgrims on November 21, 1620. By signing
this document, the men agreed to form a temporary
government and be bound by its laws. The compact
became the basis of government in the Plymouth
Colony.
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In ye name of God Amen We whose names are
vnderwriten, the loyall subjects of our dread
soueraigne Lord King James by ye grace of God,
of great Britaine, franc, Ireland king,
defender of ye faith, c Haueing vndertaken,
for ye glorie of God, and aduancemente of ye
christian faith and honour of our king
countrie, a voyage to plant ye first colonie in
ye Northerne parts of Virginia doe by these
presents solemnly mutualy in ye presence of
God, and one of another, couenant, combine our
selues togeather into a ciuill body politick
for ye our better ordering, preseruation
furtherance of ye ends aforesaid and by vertue
hearof, to enacte, constitute, and frame shuch
just equall lawes, ordinances, Acts,
constitutions, offices, from time to time, as
shall be thought most meete conuenient for ye
generall good of ye colonie  vnto which we
promise all due submission and obedience.  In
witnes wherof we haue herevnder subscribed our
names at CapCodd ye 11 of Nouember, in ye
year of ye raigne of our soueraigne Lord king
James of England, france, Ireland ye eighteenth
and of Scotland ye fiftie fourth. Ano Dom
1620
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THE FIRST THANKSGIVING at PLYMOUTH

• What has come down in American tradition as the
  "First Thanksgiving" was actually a harvest
  festival.  In the spring of 1621, the colonists
  planted their first crops in Patuxets abandoned
  fields. While they had limited success with wheat
  and barley, their corn crop proved very
  successful, thanks to Squanto Tisquantum who
  taught them how to plant corn in hills, using
  fish as a fertilizer.

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THE FIRST THANKSGIVING at PLYMOUTH Cont.

• In October of 1621, the Pilgrims celebrated
  their first harvest with feasting and games, as
  was the custom in England, as well as prayer. 
  The celebration served to boost the morale of the
  50 remaining colonists and also to impress their
  allies. Among the Native People attending were
  Massasoit and 90 Wampanoag men. 

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William Bradford, Of Plimoth Plantation

• In the original 17th century spelling"They
  begane now to gather in ye small harvest they
  had, and to fitte up their houses and dwellings
  against winter, being all well recovered in
  health strenght, and had all things in good
  plenty fFor as some were thus imployed in
  affairs abroad, others were excersised in
  fishing, aboute codd, bass, other fish, of
  which yey tooke good store, of which every family
  had their portion. All ye somer ther was no
  want.  And now begane to come in store of foule,
  as winter approached, of which this place did
  abound when they came first (but afterward
  decreased by degrees).  And besids water foule,
  ther was great store of wild Turkies, of which
  they tooke many, besids venison, c. Besids, they
  had about a peck a meale a weeke to a person, or
  now since harvest, Indean corn to yt proportion. 
  Which made many afterwards write so largly of
  their plenty hear to their freinds in England,
  which were not fained,  but true reports."

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William Bradford, Of Plimoth Plantation

• In modern spelling"They began now to gather in
  the small harvest they had, and to fit up their
  houses and dwellings against winter, being all
  well recovered in health and strength and had all
  things in good plenty.  For as some were thus
  employed in affairs abroad, others were exercised
  in fishing, about cod and bass and other fish, of
  which they took good store, of which every family
  had their portion. All the summer there was no
  want and now began to come in store of fowl, as
  winter approached, of which this place did abound
  when they came first (but afterward decreased by
  degrees).  And besides waterfowl there was great
  store of wild turkeys, of which they took many,
  besides venison, etc. Besides, they had about a
  peck of meal a week to a person, or now since
  harvest, Indian corn to that proportion.  Which
  made many afterwards write so largely of their
  plenty here to their friends in England, which
  were not feigned but true reports."

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• New England ColoniesRhode IslandConnecticutMass
  achusettsNew Hampshire
• Middle ColoniesDelawarePennsylvaniaNew
  YorkNew JerseySouthern ColoniesMarylandVirgini
  aNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaGeorgia

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Motivationsto settle in the colonies

• New England Colonies wanted to keep their family
  unit together and practice their own religion.
  They were used to doing many things themselves
  and not depending on other people for much. Some
  of these people came to New England to make
  money, but they were not the majority.
• Middle Colonies were looking to practice their
  own religion (Pennsylvania mainly) or to make
  money. Many of these people didnt bring their
  families with them from England and were the
  perfect workers for the hard work required in
  ironwoods and shipyards.
• The founders of the Southern Colonies were, for
  the most part, out to make money. They brought
  their families, as did the New England colonists,
  and they kept their families together on the
  plantations. But their main motivation was to
  make the good money that was available in their
  new American market.

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Economy

• New England Colonies were largely farming and
  fishing communities. The people made their own
  clothes and shoes. They grew much of their own
  food. Crops like corn and wheat grew in large
  numbers, and much was shipped to England. Foods
  that didn't grow in America were shipped from
  England. Boston was the major New England port.
• The Middle Colonies were part agriculture, part
  industrial. Wheat and other grains grew on farms
  in Pennsylvania and New York. Factories in
  Maryland produced iron, and factories in
  Pennsylvania produced paper and textiles. Trade
  with England was plentiful in these colonies as
  well.
• The Southern Colonies were almost entirely
  agricultural. The main feature was the
  plantation, a large plot of land that contained a
  great many acres of farmland and buildings in
  which lived the people who owned the land and the
  people who worked the land. (A large part of the
  workforce was African slaves, who first arrived
  in 1619.)
• Southern plantations grew tobacco, rice, and
  indigo, which they sold to buyers in England and
  elsewhere in America.

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Farming in the 13 American Colonies

• Farmers in the New England Colonies had a rough
  time of it. Much of the soil wasn't good for
  growing crops, especially near the ocean. Also,
  the early and long-lasting winters killed many
  crops quickly. Still, New England farmers often
  grew enough food to feed their families and
  maybe even help feed other families. The main
  kind of food New Englanders contributed to the
  economy was fish.
• Farmers in the Middle Colonies were the most
  prosperous of all. They grew wheat, barley, oats,
  rye, and corn. The Middle Colonies were often
  called the "breadbasket" because they grew so
  much food. Wheat could be ground to make flour,
  and both wheat and flour could be sold in other
  colonies or in Europe.
• Farmers in the Southern Colonies grew several
  things. The most popular crop was tobacco. The
  Jamestown colonists had grown tobacco originally,
  and tobacco farms sprung up all over Virginia and
  North Carolina. The two southernmost states
  (South Carolina and Georgia) also grew indigo and
  rice.

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Education in the 13 American Colonies

• In the New England colonies, parents believed
  that their children should learn about
  Christianity. To that end, parents taught their
  children to read so they could read the Bible.
  And once those kids knew how to read, they could
  read school books as well. New England villages
  having more than 100 families set up grammar
  schools, which taught boys Latin and math and
  other subjects needed to get into college. And
  although girls could read, they weren't allowed
  to go to grammar school or to college.
• Middle Colonies schools were also largely
  religious but taught the teachings of one
  religion. If you were a Catholic, you learned
  about the Catholic religion. Most schools were
  private. Students also learned other subjects so
  they could get into college. Again, girls weren't
  allowed to attend, unless they were Quakers.
• School-age kids in the Southern Colonies were
  taught at home, for the most part, by their
  parents or by private tutors. When these kids
  became teenagers, they would then go off to
  college or to Europe. As in the other colonies,
  Southern girls did not go to school

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Religion and the Church in the 13 American
Colonies

• The New England colonists were largely Puritans,
  who led very strict lives.
• The Middle colonists were a mixture of religions,
  including Quakers (led by William Penn),
  Catholics, Lutherans, Jews, and others.
• The Southern colonists had a mixture of religions
  as well, including Baptists and Anglicans.

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Beliefs

• The Pilgrims in Massachusetts and the Quakers in
  Pennsylvania were examples of people who had left
  England so they could practice the religion they
  chose. Maryland and Rhode Island passed laws of
  religious toleration (meaning that people
  couldn't be harmed just because their religion
  was different from other people's).
• These American colonists also believed that they
  had a right to govern themselves. More and more,
  they believed that they shouldn't have to pay so
  much in taxes to England, especially since they
  couldn't serve in the English government and have
  a say on how high or low those taxes were.

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Virginia
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New York
Connecticut
Delaware
North Carolina
Maryland
Rhode Island
South Carolina
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Georgia
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Cited work

• http//www.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/13map
  new.html 13 Nov 05
• http//www.virtualjamestown.org/maps.html 13 Nov
  05
• http//americanhistory.about.com/od/famousdocument
  s/ 13 Nov 05
• http//boston.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?sit
  ehttp3A2F2Fwww.pilgrimhall.org2Fplgrmhll.htm
  13 Nov 05
• Davis, Kenneth C. Dont know much about American
  History. New York, HarperCollins Publishers,
  25003