Internet 101

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The Internet as a Global Communications Delivery
platform The Basics
bySunday A. Folayan Member ICANN ALAC
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The simplest Network
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An internet (Network)
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An internet (Network)
For this to work effectively, the networks and
machines that are part of an internet have to
agree either to speak the same "language" when
they are communicating or to use an
"interpreter." This "language" enables the
different types of machines on separate networks
to communicate and exchange information. No
matter the type of physical link between them.
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Internet
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The Internet .
The Internet, with a capital "I", is the network
of networks which either use the TCP/IP protocol
or can interact with TCP/IP networks via gateways
(the interpreters). The Internet presents these
networks as one, seamless network for its users.
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Uses for Internet

• Research
• Banking
• Classes/Lectures
• Travel arrangements
• Talking to friends
• News
• Weather
• Shopping

The Internet offers access to data, graphics,
voice, Music, software, text, and people through
a variety of services and tools for communication
and data exchange
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How Internet devices communicate
IP addresses

• Each device that can communicate on the Internet
  has a unique numeric identifier, called the IP
  Address.

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Addressing Information

• IPv4 Address
• Every host on the Internet has a unique IP
  address. This is a 32 bit number.
• Addresses 4294967296
• IPv6 Address
• Every host on the Internet has a unique IP
  address. This is a 128 bit number.
• Addresses 3.4028236692093846346337460743177e38
• The address is used to steer information to the
  host (Computer). Similar to a phone number or a
  street address.

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IPv4 Addresses

• Normally noted as Dotted Quads
• 192.0.34.163
• In 32 Bits this reads
• 11000000000000000010001010100011
• 10100011 163 (12832,21163)

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How Internet devices communicate
TCP/IP

• Information (Data) is chopped into packets.
• These are sent to their destination using any
  available path and then reassembled at the
  destination.

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Packets are made up of .

• Header
• Includes information describing the packet,
  including where it came from and where it needs
  to go and related information
• This is where the IP addresses are reside.
• Payload
• The actual Data being transferred

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What has this got to do with the DNS?

• Nothing. Except that no one can remember the
  numbers.
• DNS (Domain Name System)
• allows us to use names instead of these
  difficult IP addresses.
• www.icann.org 192.0.34.163

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Hierarchical Structure

• Domain Names are organized into what looks like
  an inverted Tree with the root of the tree
  at the top

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Generic (g)TLDs

• .com
• .net
• .org
• .gov
• .arpa
• .mil
• .int
• .edu
• .pro
• .museum
• .name
• .aero
• .biz
• .coop
• .info

http//www.iana.org/gtld/gtld.htm
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Country Code (cc)TLDs

• http//www.iana.org/cctld/
• IANA uses iso3166 to determine what is a valid
  country code
• .gh Ghana
• .sa Saudi Arabia
• .za South Africa etc.
• http//www.iso.ch/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/
  index.html
• IANA Does NOT define countries

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Need to know more?

• http//www.icann.org

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Thank You!!