Cold War

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Cold War
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Truman Administration and the Cold War

• Recall previous US-USSR Relations
• Bolshevik Red Revolution
• U.S. backs Czar and Whites
• U.S. doesnt recognize Communist govt.
• Yes, No, Second Front
• Mutual suspicions at Yalta and Pottsdam
• Soviet negation of the Baruch Plan and suspicion
  of World Bank and IMF

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Containment

• Churchills Iron Curtain speech in MO
• Truman Doctrine (see quote)
• Foreign Policy Advisor George Kennan
• A long term, patient but firm and vigilant
  containment of Russian expansive tendencies.
• Secretary of State Gen. George Marshall

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Truman Doctrine

• It must be the policy of the United States to
  support free peoples who are resisting attempted
  subjugation by armed minorities or outside
  pressures.

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Post War Organizations

• UN
• NATO, SEATO, ANZUS vs. Warsaw Pact
• National Security Act 47
• Department of Defense
• Joint Chiefs of Staff
• NSC headed by NSA
• CIA

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Truman and the Cold War

• Berlin Airlift
• Soviets detonate atomic bomb
• Nuclear Proliferation
• Fall of China
• Korean War as...
• UN Police Action
• The Forgotten War

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Domestic Battlefront of the Cold War

• Taft-Hartley Act Curtails Power of Unions, bans
  the closed shop, Executive 80 day cooling off
  period
• Loyalty Review Board
• Smith Act advocate or teach the overthrow of the
  government....
• or belong to an organization desiring to do so.

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Domestic Battlefront Cold War

• McCarran International Security Act
• Restricted travel or employment of Communist
  party or members of communist front
  organizations.

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Domestic Battlefront Cold War

• HUAC
• Richard Nixon
• Whittaker Chambers-Alger Hiss Case and Its
  Subtext
• Pumpkin Papers
• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
• David Greenglass
• Klaus Fuchs

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Whittaker Chambers
Alger Hiss
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Domestic Battlefront Cold War

• McCarthyism
• Wheeling WV Speech 205 Communist members of the
  State Department
• McCarthyism Quotes
• Roy Cohn
• David Shine
• John Service
• Army-McCarthy Hearings (Joseph Welch)

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McCarthys Wheeling, WV Speech

• I have here in my hand a list of 205 that were
  known to the Secretary of State as being members
  of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are
  still working and shaping the policy of the State
  Department.

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David Greenglass Ethyls Brother Chief
Prosecution Witness
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Army-McCarthy Hearings

• Until this moment, I think I never really
  gaugued yur crueity or your recklessness...Have
  you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have
  you left no sense of decency.

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Army-McCarthy Hearings

• If it were in my power to forgive you for your
  reckless cruelty, I would do so. I like to think
  I'm a gentle man, but your forgiveness will have
  to come from someone other than me.

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Eisenhower and the Cold War

• Secretary of State John Foster Dulles
• Brinksmanship
• More bang for the buck
• Massive Retaliation
• M.A.D.

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Eisenhower and the Cold War

• Eisenhower Doctrine Specific to Middle East
  economic and military aid
• Iran
• 2007 member of the Axis of Evil
• Overthrow of elected leader Mussadegh
• U.S. puppet Reza Pahlavi Shah of Iran
• Iranian Revolution of 1979
• 53 American Hostages taken for 444 days

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Eisenhower in the Cold War

• Suez Crisis
• Nasser looks to US for aid in Aswan Dam Project.
  U.S. refuses...why?
• Nasser turns to USSR for funding
• Nasser Nationalizes the Suez Canal
• Britain, France and Israel retake the canal
• Beginning of the end of British/French Role in
  Middle East (By the 60s much of Africa, Asia)
• Fall of French Indochina

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Eisenhower and the Cold War

• Lebanon
• 2005 fighting between Israel and Hezbollah
• 1983 200 U.S. Marines killed in Beruit
• Hezbollah is now an elected political force in
  Lebanon just as the PLO is now an elected
  political force in Palestine
• 1957 Elections- CIA influence
• 1958 Eisenhower sends in Marines
• 1980s Decade Long Civil War

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Krushchev Actions During Eisehnower Years

• Hungarian Uprising
• Polish Uprising
• 1957 Sputnik
• A new growing crisis in Berlin
• U-2 Incident
• Supports Castro Revolution over Batista in Cuba