Gardner’s EIGHT INTELLIGENCES

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Gardners EIGHT INTELLIGENCES
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Howard Gardners theory

• Howard Gardner defines intelligence as "the
  capacity to solve problems or to fashion products
  that are valued in one or more cultural setting"
  (Gardner Hatch, 1989). Using biological as well
  as cultural research, he formulated a list of
  seven intelligences. This new outlook on
  intelligence differs greatly from the traditional
  view that usually recognizes only two
  intelligences, verbal and mathematical.

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Who is Howard Gardner?

• Howard Gardner is a psychologist and Professor at
  Harvard University's Graduate School of
  Education.
• Based on his study of many people, Gardner
  developed the theory of multiple intelligences.
• Gardner defines intelligence as ability to solve
  problems or to create products which are valued
  in one or more cultural settings.
• According to Gardner, 8 different types of
  intelligence are displayed by humans.

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Gardners Intelligences

• Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
• Linguistic Intelligence
• Spatial Intelligence
• Musical Intelligence
• Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
• Interpersonal Intelligence
• Intrapersonal Intelligence
• Naturalist Intelligence

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Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

• consists of the ability to
• detect patterns
• reason deductively
• think logically
• This intelligence is most often associated with
  scientific and mathematical thinking.
• Famous examples Albert Einstein, John Dewey.

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Linguistic Intelligence

• involves having a mastery of language
• This intelligence includes the ability to
  effectively manipulate language to express
  oneself rhetorically or poetically.
• It also allows one to use language as a means to
  remember information.
• Famous examples Charles Dickens, Abraham
  Lincoln, T.S. Eliot, Sir Winston Churchill.

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Spatial Intelligence

• gives one the ability to manipulate and create
  mental images in order to solve problems.
• This intelligence is not limited to visual
  domains--Gardner notes that spatial intelligence
  is also formed in blind children.
• Famous examples Picasso, Frank Lloyd Wright

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Musical Intelligence

• encompasses the capability to recognize and
  compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms.
• (Auditory functions are required for a person to
  develop this intelligence in relation to pitch
  and tone, but these functions would not be needed
  for the knowledge of rhythm.)
• Famous examples Mozart, Leonard Bernstein, Ray
  Charles.

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Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

• is the ability to use one's mental abilities to
  coordinate one's own bodily movements. This
  intelligence challenges the popular belief that
  mental and physical activity are unrelated.
• The ability to use your body skillfully to solve
  problems, create products or present ideas and
  emotions.
• An ability obviously displayed for athletic
  pursuits, dancing, acting, artistically, or in
  building and construction.
• You can include surgeons in this category but
  many people who are physically talented"good
  with their hands"don't recognize that this form
  of intelligence is of equal value to the other
  intelligences.
• Famous examples Charlie Chaplin, Michael Jordan.

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Interpersonal Intelligence

• The ability to work effectively with others
• to relate to other people
• display empathy and understanding
• notice their motivations and goals.
• This is a vital human intelligence displayed by
  good teachers, facilitators, therapists,
  politicians, religious leaders and sales people.
• Famous examples Gandhi, Ronald Reagan, Mother
  Teresa, Oprah Winfrey.

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Intrapersonal Intelligence

• The ability for self-analysis and reflectionto
  be able to
• quietly contemplate and assess one's
  accomplishments
• review one's behavior and innermost feelings
• make plans and set goals
• know oneself
• Philosophers, counselors, and many peak
  performers in all fields of endeavor have this
  form of intelligence.
• Famous examples Freud, Eleanor Roosevelt, Plato.
  

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Naturalist intelligence

• designates the human ability to discriminate
  among living things (plants, animals) as well as
  sensitivity to other features of the natural
  world (clouds, rock configurations).
• to make distinctions in the natural world and to
  use this ability productivelyfor example in
  hunting, farming, or biological science.
• Farmers, botanists, conservationists, biologists,
  environmentalists would all display aspects of
  the intelligence.
• Famous examples Charles Darwin, Rachel Carson.

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Can we be more than one?

• Yes!
• Although the intelligences are anatomically
  separated from each other, Gardner claims that
  the eight intelligences very rarely operate
  independently.
• Rather, the intelligences are used concurrently
  and typically complement each other as
  individuals develop skills or solve problems.
• For example, a dancer can excel in his art only
  if he/she has 
• strong musical intelligence to understand the
  rhythm and variations of the music 
• bodily-kinesthetic intelligence to provide him
  with the agility and coordination to complete the
  movements successfully
• interpersonal intelligence to understand how he
  can inspire or emotionally move his audience
  through his movements

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The End.