Present Perfect

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Present Perfect, Past Perfect,
Future Perfect
February 1, 2010 By Peggy Lien Bunlom
P. Domanski SoYoung Park
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Present Perfect
Something happened (or never happened) before
now, at unspecified time in the past.

• has/have past
  participle

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For Example

• They have moved into a new apartment
• I have never seen snow.

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Ever, Never, Already, Yet,
Still, Just
are frequently used with the present perfect.

• Describe your experience
• Have you ever celebrated Halloween?
• I have driven many times in the past month.

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Since or for since a particular timefor
a duration of time

• We often use since or for to expresses a
  situation that began in the past and continues to
  the present
• I have been here since seven oclock.
• I have lived in Vancouver for 2years.

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Check if task is completed

• Still waiting for the action to happen.
• Have you eaten your lunch?
• Yes, I have eaten my lunch.
• No, I havent eaten it yet.

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Multiple Actions at Different Times

• To talk about several different actions
  which have occurred in the past at different
  times.
• The army has attacked that city five times.
• I have had four quizzes and five tests so far
  this semester.

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Active / Passive

• Many tourists have visited that castle. Active
• That castle has been visited by many tourists.
  Passive

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Present Perfect Continuous
The tense express the duration of an activity
that began in the past and continues action to
the present.

• has/have been ing
• You have been waiting here for two hours.
• Have you been waiting here for two hours?

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Past Perfect
We are talking about two different events at two
different times in the past.

• had past participle
• I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I
  went to Saipan.
• I did not have any money because I had lost my
  wallet.

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Duration Before Something in the Past
We talk about something started in the past and
continued another in the past.

• We had had that car for ten years before it broke
  down.
• By the time Alex finished his studies, he had
  been in London for over eight years

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Specific Times with the Past Perfect

• She had visited her Japanese relatives once in
  1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

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If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action
at a specific time

She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska.
Not Correct She had never seen a bear before
she moved to Alaska. Correct

• You had previously studied English before you
  moved to New York.
• Had you previously studied English before you
  moved to New York?

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Active / Passive

• George had repaired many cars before he received
  his mechanic's license. Active
• Many cars had been repaired by George before he
  received his mechanic's license. Passive

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Past Perfect Continuous
Something started in the past and has continued
up until another time in the past.

• had been ing
• She had been working at that company for three
  years.
• She had been working at that company for three
  years when it went out of business.

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Future Perfect

• Something will happen before a specific time in
  the future.
• will have past participle
• The train will leave the station at 9am. You will
  arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive,
  the train will have left.

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Future Perfect Continuous

• will have been ing
• Something will continue up until a particular
  event time in the future.
• You will have been waiting for more than two
  hours when her plane finally arrives.
• He will be tired when he arrives. He will have
  been travelling for 24 hours. .

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Adverb Placement

• always, only, never, ever, still,
  just.
• You will only have learned a few words.
• Will you only have learned a few words?
• You are only going to have learned a few words.
• Are you only going to have learned a few words?

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Active / Passive

• They will have completed the project before the
  deadline. Active
• The project will have been completed before the
  deadline. Passive

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Summary

• Present Perfect describes unspecific time in
  the past before now.
• Past Perfect is talking about two different
  events at two different times in the past.
• Something happened before a specific time in
  the past.
• Future Perfect shows something will happen
  before a specific time in the future.

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Reference

• http//www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfect
  .html
• English Grammar by Betty Schrampfer Azar
• edurizon.com/about-2/my-delta-assignments/