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Skin and the Integumentary System

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SKIN AND THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Chapter 6 Hyperhidrosis Overactive sweat glands Hands Feet Armpits Caused by overactive nervous system Treatment: Antiperspirant ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Skin and the Integumentary System


1
Skin and the Integumentary System
  • Chapter 6

2
Skin is
  • is the largest heaviest organ in the body.
  • covered in hair.
  • vital in maintaining homeostasis.
  • a protective barrier.
  • a.k.a. the cutaneous membrane.

3
Skin is
  • part of the integumentary system.
  • divided into three distinct layers
  • EPIDERMIS outer layer
  • DERMIS middle layer
  • SUBCUTANEOUS bottom layer
  • (Not a true skin layer )

4
EPIDERMIS
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • Old cells die are pushed up
  • Cytoplasm hardens, fills with keratin
  • KERITINIZATION
  • Forms tough, waterproof layer
  • - STRATUM CORNEUM

5
EPIDERMAL LAYERS
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Only in thick skin
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale

6
MICROSCOPIC EPIDERMIS
7
EPIDERMAL PROTECTION
  • Stratum basale contains MELANOCYTES
  • Produce MELANIN
  • Dark pigment in granules that absorbs UV
    radiation
  • Granules spread to nearby cells

8
SKIN COLOR
Light Skin
  • Everyone has the same of melanocytes
  • Skin color depends on amount of melanin produced
  • Other factors
  • Blood supply
  • Beta carotene
  • Bilirubin

Dark Skin
9
THE KING OF POP
  • Whats up with M.J.s skin?
  • Vitiligo disorder in which the skins
    melanocytes are destroyed

10
VITLIGO
  • Possible causes
  • Body is allergic to its own melanocytes
  • Cells destroy themselves during pigment creation
  • FYI Cancer patients can develop vitiligo after
    treatment the weird thing?
  • The vitiligo actually seems to stop the spread of
    the disease!

11
BACK TO M.J.
  • Underwent repigmentation
  • Turn white patches dark again.
  • Process failed
  • Went through depigmentation to reverse it
  • Monobenzene is used to bleach the skin until its
    all the same color
  • If he stopped the treatments, he would turn back

12
ALBINISM
  • Body is unable to produce or distribute melanin
    due to possible genetic defects
  • High risk of skin cancer and eye problems

13
PSORIASIS
  • Excessive growth and reproduction of
    keratinocytes followed by inflammation
  • Caused by the immune system mistakenly reacting
  • Speeds up creation of new cells and slows loss

14
WHAT ARE THOSE WHITE SPOTS ON MY FINGERNAILS?
  • Leukonychia
  • Can be caused by trauma
  • Not a calcium deficiency
  • Zinc deficiency is more pronounced

15
HOW THICK IS YOUR SKIN?
  • Epidermis
  • .5 mm on eyelids
  • Up to 1.5 mm on palms/soles
  • Dermis
  • .3mm on eyelids
  • 3 mm on upper back

16
DERMIS
  • Directly below epidermis
  • Dermal papillae project upwards into epidermis
  • Produce fingerprints
  • Made mostly of dense connective tissue

17
DERMAL STRUCTURES
18
BEDSORES
  • Interference with blood flow to the dermis can
    kill epidermal cells
  • Lying in one position too long causes weight of
    body to block skins blood supply
  • A.k.a. PRESSURE ULCER
  • Treatment includes shifting the patient
    frequently and keeping the wound clean

19
SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER
  • A.k.a. HYPODERMIS
  • Loose connective and adipose tissue
  • Insulation
  • Major blood supply

20
SEVERITY OF BURNS
21
INJECTIONS
  • SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION
  • Flu shot, penicillin
  • INTRADERMAL
  • TB test
  • INTRAMUSCULAR
  • Epinephrine injection

22
ACCESSORY ORGANS OF THE SKIN
  • NAILS
  • HAIR FOLLICLES
  • SEBACEOUS GLANDS
  • SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS

23
NAILS
  • Protective coverings
  • NAIL ROOT LUNULA contain actively dividing
    cells
  • Cells die and become keratinized forming nail body

24
HAIR FOLLICLES
  • Hair development
  • Specialized epidermal tissue
  • Nourished by dermal blood supply
  • Cells divide near base and become keratinized

25
HAIR FOLLICLES
  • Hair color is determined by melanocytes near root
  • More melanin produced, darker hair
  • ARRECTOR PILI- smooth muscles that control goose
    bumps

26
SEBACEOUS GLAND
  • Specialized epithelial gland that produces SEBUM
  • Oily mixture that keeps hair and skin soft,
    pliable and waterproof
  • Attached to follicles

27
SUDORIFEROUS (SWEAT) GLANDS
  • Tiny tube that is attached to a coil in dermis
  • ECCRINE GLANDS respond to temperature
  • Sweat comes out of PORE
  • Forehead, neck, back

28
SUDOIFEROUS (SWEAT) GLANDS
  • APOCRINE GLANDS
  • Respond to emotions
  • Active at puberty
  • Groin, axillary regions

29
SKIN SENSORY RECEPTORS
  • The skin has receptors for touch
  • Heat
  • Pressure
  • Pain
  • Cold

30
SKIN TOUCH RECEPTORS
  • MERKELS DISCS
  • Sensitive to vibration movement
  • Found in stratum basale
  • ROOT HAIR PLEXUS
  • Sensitive to hair movement

31
SKIN PRESSURE RECEPTORS
  • MEISSNERS CORPUSCLES
  • Light touch objects that brush the skin
  • Dermis
  • PACINIAN CORPUSCLES
  • Heavy pressure
  • Dermis/Subcutaneous layer

32
OTHER SKIN RECEPTORS
  • THERMORECEPTORS
  • KRAUSE CORPUSCLES
  • Cold
  • RUFFINI CORPUSCLES
  • Heat
  • PAIN RECEPTORS
  • Free nerve endings

33
Hyperhidrosis
  • Overactive sweat glands
  • Hands
  • Feet
  • Armpits
  • Caused by overactive nervous system
  • Treatment
  • Antiperspirant
  • Iontophoresis
  • Botox injections

34
The Skins Role in Homeostasis
  • Vital in maintaining proper body temperature
  • Important in the healing of wounds
  • Aids in production of Vitamin D

35
VITAMIN D PRODUCTION
  • Skin cells help produce vitamin D
  • Dehydrocholesterol made by cells in digestive
    system
  • Reaches skin and is changed to vitamin D when
    exposed to UV light

36
Regulation of Body Temp
  • During intense heat, nerve impulses signals the
    body to release heat
  • Blood vessels dilate, giving off heat through
    skin
  • Eccrine sweat glands become active
  • Sweat evaporates cooling skin

37
Regulation of Body Temp
  • If too much heat is lost
  • Muscles in dermal wall contract
  • Decreases blood flow and heat loss
  • Sweat glands inactive
  • Skeletal muscles contract involuntarily
  • Release heat
  • Shivering

38
Healing of Wounds
  • INFLAMMATION wound and surrounding areas become
    swelled
  • Response to injury stress
  • 4 signs of inflammation
  • Redness
  • Warmth
  • Swelling
  • Pain

39
Inflammation
  • Redness - caused by increased vasodilatation
  • More blood in area
  • Heat increased metabolism WBCs try to destroy
    invaders

40
Inflammation
  • Swelling Fluid in area due to change in osmotic
    pressure
  • Abnormal build up of fluid called EDEMA
  • Pain Pressure on nerve endings from fluid

41
Healing of Wounds
  • Shallow wounds (epidermis)
  • Epithelial cells divide and fill in gap

42
Healing of Wounds
  • Deep wounds (dermis or subcutaneous layer)
  • Blood vessels broken
  • Clot forms and dries into a scab
  • Fibroblasts lay down collagen fibers forming scar
  • Phagocytes remove foreign particles
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