GENERATION III AND III+ NUCLEAR POWER PLANT DESIGNS

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GENERATION III AND III NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
DESIGNS
VVER-1200 (Vodo-Vodyanoi Energetichesky Reactor)
Dr. Sule Ergün Hacettepe University Department of
Nuclear Engineering March 2008, Istanbul
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Outline

• VVER Concept
• VVER Development
• VVER-1000
• VVER-1200
• Technical Description
• Conclusion

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Pressurized Water Reactor Type (Water-Water
Energetic Reactor)
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VVER Development

• VVER-440
• VVER-440/230
• VVER-440/213
• VVER-1000
• VVER-1000 RP ?-320
• VVER-1000 RP ?-428 (NPP-91)
• VVER-1000 RP ?-466 (NPP-91/99)

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VVER Development

• Power Unit
• Electric capacity (gross), MW 417 1000
• Thermal capacity, MW 1375 3000
• Efficiency (gross) 29.7 33.0
• Number of primary coolant loops 6 4
• Flow rate through reactor, m3/h 42110 88900

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VVER Development

• Reactor
• Average coolant warm-up, C 28.9 29.5
• Heat transfer surface area, m2 3150 4850
• Mass of UO2 in the core, t 47.2 70
• Number of fuel assemblies, pcs. 349 151
• Reactor pressure vessel height m 11.80 10.88
• Max. pressure vessel diameter, m 4.27 4.57
• Core power density, kW/l 84.0 111.1
• Fuel enrichment, (max.) 3.82 4.4

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VVER-1000

• Steel-lined, pre-stressed, large-volume concrete
  containment structure
• "Evolutionary" design incorporating safety
  improvements over VVER-440 Model V213 plants.
• Use of four coolant loops and horizontal steam
  generators--both considered improvements by
  Soviet designers.
• Redesigned fuel assemblies that allow better flow
  of coolant, and improved control rods.
• Plant worker radiation levels reportedly lower
  than in many Western plants

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VVER-1000
1.Horizontal steam generator 2.Reactor coolant
pump 3.Containment building 4. Refueling
crane 5.Control rod assemblies 6.Reactor vessel
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VVER-1000
Parameter V-320 Heat capacity, MW
3000 Pressure, MPa 15.7 Mean fuel
burn-up,(MW days)/kgU gt40.2 Lifetime, years 30
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VVER-1000
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VVER-1000

• Substandard plant instrumentation and controls.
• Fire-protection systems that do not appear to
  differ substantially from earlier VVER models,
  which do not meet Western standards.
• Quality-control, design and construction
  significantly deficient by U.S. standards.
• Higher power densities and smaller volume of
  primary and secondary systems result in a
  somewhat less forgiving and stable reactor.

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ADVANCED REACTOR VVER-1200

• NPP-2006 nominal electric powershall be at least
  1200 MW (gross)
• Design service life of NPP main equipment without
  replacement 60 years
• Usage factor averaged over the whole NPP service
  life 92
• Annual load factor averaged over the whole NPP
  service life 90.

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VVER-1200

• Gross power unit efficiency increased
• Improved heat flow diagram of steam turbine
  plant
• - Steam pressure at steam generator outlet
  increased to 7.0 ?P?

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VVER-1200

• Reliability goals
• frequency of trips - not more than 1 per a year
  of operation
• average unavailability within the design service
  life of a Unit less than 1,4 (less than 5 days
  per a year)
• Maximum fuel burnup over FAs 70 MWday/kg
• Fuel cycle length up to 24 months

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VVER-1200

• Reaching the safe shutdown state for any
  anticipated operational occurrences, for design
  basis accidents and beyond design basis accidents
  within 24 hours
• it is allowed to be increased up to 72 hours for
  design basis accident and beyond design basis
  accident
• Feedwater inventory at Unit shall be sufficient
  for decay heat removal within 24 hours
• Total frequency of the core degradation less then
  10-6 per reactor-year.

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VVER-1200

• RPV inner diameter extension by 100 mm as
  compared to V-320 RPV
• Core baffle height increased by 200 mm
• Extended guiding frame for CPS CRs in the
  protective tube unit

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VVER-1200
frequency of limiting accident release less than
10-7 (1/year).
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VVER-1200
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VVER-1200
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Conclusion

• Technical approaches taken in developing design
  NPP-2006 meet the requirements of applicable
  Russian, EUR and IAEA codes and standards.
• The cost of feasibility study for new solutions
  is decreased and project development /
  implementation period is reduced.
• Achieving the design economic and safety targets
  is ensured by
• design solutions being similar to those used in
  existing designs and operating plants
• Licensability
• proven construction technology
• using mostly serial and standard equipment