Later Middle Ages

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Later middle agesChristianity and medieval
society

• By H.Prater

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The church shapes politics and society.

• Clergy- Church officials. Their teachings were
  very influential in European culture and
  politics.
• Society- Life revolved around the local church.
  Markets, festivals , and religious ceremonies
  took place there.
• Politics- The church also gained political power
  in the middle ages. Many people left the land to
  the church when they died.

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Monks and Friars.
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The Monks of Cluny.

• Religious order- a group of people who dedicated
  their lives to religion and followed common
  rules.
• Living apart from society- most monks lived apart
  from the society.

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New order.

• Monks-Some monks thought Cluny's rules werent
  strict enough. So, they created new orders with
  even stricter rules.

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Friars.

• Francis of Assisi- founder of the Franciscan
• Friars- Members of religious orders who lived and
  worked among the general public. They wore simple
  clothes like plain robes and no shoes.
• Living within society- Friars lived in society

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Universities are built.
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Thomas Aquinas.

• Thomas- Philosopher who showed how religious
  faith and reason could co-exist.
• He wrote a reasoned argument for the existence of
  God.

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Natural law.

• Law- Thomas Aquinas s concept that God created
  law that governed how the world operated.

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The church and the arts.
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Religious Architecture.

• Architecture- All the buildings was inspired by
  Christianity. Everything inside the church from
  the walls to the clergys robes to the books
  used, were also works of art.

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Religious Art.

• Art- Their spires and high ceilings and colorful
  stained glass windows are all designed to bring
  people closer to God.

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Magna Carta causes changes in England.
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Magna Carta.Great Charter

• Magna Carta- A document written by English nobles
  and signed by king john listing rights the king
  could not ignore.
• Among these rights was that no one could be kept
  in jail without reason, and even the king must
  obey the law.

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Who demanded this agreement?

• Who?- The nobles demanded the agreement because
  they got fed up with the kings actions. Such as,
  locking people up with no reasoning, taking away
  things without reasoning, etc.

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Effect of Magna Carta.
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Effects.

• The agreement led to more changes. They were
  faced with war and financial troubles, the king
  turned to a council of nobles for advice and
  money.

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Three demands and why they were important.

• 1.People demanded judges be free of royal
  control. This creation of independent judicial
  system was a key step in bringing democracy to
  England.
• 2.They wanted the king to obey the laws just like
  they did. The idea that everyone must follow the
  law became one of the basic principles of English
  government.
• 3.They wanted the king to have limited power. So,
  he didnt get overwhelmed with power.

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Changes after the Magna Carta.

• By Haley Prater

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What did the Magna Carta inspired nobles to do?

• Nobles- Created to advise the king. Developed
  into a parliament, the law making body that
  governs England today.

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Parliament.

• Parliament- A law-making body that is still used
  in England today.

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How did the king limit the Magna Carta?

• The king couldnt do anything without the support
  of the parliament.
• The English continued to secure and protect their
  rights. To ensure that everyone was treated
  fairly, people demanded that judges be free of
  royal control.

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100 years War.

• By Haley Prater

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The Course of the War.

• War- The king of France died with no sons to pass
  on the control of France, and two men claimed his
  throne. One was French. The other was the king of
  England. In the end , the French man became king.

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French king dies with no heirs.

• The king- The king died with no children. This
  left the throne without a king to rule France.
  This his how the 100 years war began.

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Two men claim the throne.

• Man 1- He was a English king. When he tried to
  take over the throne another person tired to take
  over.
• Man 2- He was a French person. He would be most
  likely to win because he isn't a king and he
  lives in France.

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English Take The Lead.

• England was in the lead. They invaded France and
  won many key battles until a teenage peasant
  girl. JOAN OF ARC, rallied the French troops. The
  English caught and killed Joan, but the French
  eventually won the war.

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Joan of Arc.

• Joan- During the 100 years war was rallied by the
  French troops. She was caught and then killed.
  She was burned alive. She died a painful death,
  but she was made famous in history.

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Results of the War.
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Changes in England.

• The war actually help increase the power of
  Parliament because the king needed Parliament
  approval to raise money to pay for the war.

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Changes in France.

• The kings power grew larger after the war.

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Democracy.

• Will democracy have to wait in France?- Democracy
  had to wait because the kings power had grew.

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Black Death.

• By Haley Prater

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What is Black death?

• It is a plague that killed millions of Europeans
  between the time of 1347 and 1351

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Where did it come from?

• Origin- the plague originally came from central
  and eastern Asia.

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How did it spread?

• The spread- traders unknowingly brought rats
  carrying the disease to Meditditerrian ports.
  From there it quickly swept throughout much of
  Europe.

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What disease was it?

• The type- Fleas that fed on infected rats passed
  on the plague to people.

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Effect on manor life/ feudalism/ how many died?

• Effects on manor- the old manor system, already
  weakened by the growth of cities, collapsed.
• Effects on feudalism- plague survivors found
  their skills on demand and charged more for their
  labor. Instead of working for the rich, peasants
  now had job opportunities.
• How many died- some historians think The Black
  Death killed a third of Europes population,
  perhaps 25 million.

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What Happened to it?

• Those who survived found skill in demand..
  Suddenly, they could demand wages for labor. Once
  they had money they fled their manors completely,
  moving instead to Europes growing cities.