Later Middle Ages

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Christianity and Medieval Society

• ByHaleigh Stull

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The church shapes politics and society

• Clergy- church officials-they were very
  influential in medieval European culture and
  politics
• Society- everything took place at the
  church-Pilgrims visited religious places
• Politics- Church officials often became political
  advisers to local rulers

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Monks and Friars
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The Monks of Cluny

• Religious order- group of people who dedicate
  their lives to religion and follow common rules
• Living apart from society- most monks lived apart
  from society, but two new religious orders
  developed for those who wanted to live and teach
  among people

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Friars

• Francis of Assisi- founder of the Franciscan
  order
• Friars- members of religious orders who lived and
  worked among the general public
• Living within society- friars lived and taught
  among people

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Universities are built
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• Thomas Aquinas- Natural Law- philosopher who
  showed how religious faith and reason could co-
  exist
• Created by religious leaders- Europe's first
  universities were built by the church.

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The church and the arts
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Religious architecture

• Inspired by religious expression- everything was
  designed to bring people closer to God

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Magna Carta causes changes in England

• Magna Carta- document written by english nobles
  and signed by King John listing rights the king
  could not ignore
• Who demanded this agreement? A group of english
  nobles.

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Effects of Magna Carta

• List three of the demands and why they are
  important. 1.They forced the king to respect
  their rights 2. They made king John approve a
  document listing rights the king could not
  ignore 3.No one could be kept in jail without a
  reason
• They are important because they are demands and
  everyone has to obey them.

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• What were the effects of M/C? The Magna Carta led
  to a lot of changes. They faced war and financial
  troubles, the kings turned to a council of nobles
  for advice and money. Before long, the council
  developed into Parliament, the lawmaking body
  that still governs England today.

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What did M/C inspire the nobles to do?

• They decided to force the king to respect their
  rights because they wanted the king to also have
  to obey some rights, and the king could not
  ignore them.

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• Parliament- Lawmaking body that governs England
• Before long the council developed into
  parliament, and this lawmaking body still governs
  in England today.

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• How did the king limit M/C? The king limited
  Magna Carta by having the rule that no one could
  be kept in jail without a reason.

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My made-up Magna Carta

• 1.) Freedom of Speech
• 2.) Everyone treated equally
• 3.) Freedom of Religion
• 4.) Cant be punished or get in trouble without a
  reason, and you have to have proof that it
  actually happened

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The Hundred Years War
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The Course of the War

• The Hundred Years War begins when an English King
  tried to take over and control Frances throne.

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French King dies with no heirs

• When the king died they had went through the
  kings family till they found a cousin for the
  throne. They had found one on both his mothers
  and fathers side of the family. They were his 3rd
  cousins.

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Two men claim throne

• The English tried to take control of Frances
  throne, so two men were basically trying to claim
  that the throne was theres, but the throne
  really just belonged to France.

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English take the lead

• England invaded France and won many key battles
  until a teenage peasant girl, Joan of Arc,
  rallied the French troops.

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Joan of Arc

• Joan of Arc was a teenage girl who rallied the
  French troops and turned the tide of the Hundred
  Years War. England invaded France and won many
  key battles until Joan of Arc rallied the French
  troops. The English caught and killed Joan, but
  the French eventually won the war.

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Results of the War

• In England the War helped increase the power of
  parliament because the king needed parliaments
  approval to raise money to pay for the war. In
  France, the Kings power grew after the War.

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Changes in England

• The English caught and killed Joan, but they
  eventually ended up losing the War. The War help
  increase the power of parliament.

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Changes in France

• The French eventually ended up winning the war.
  In France, the Kings power grew after the war.

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Black Death

• Black death- deadly plague that killed millions
  of Europeans between 1347 and 1351
• During the Hundred Years War an even greater
  crisis arose. This crisis was the Black Death , a
  deadly plague that swept through Europe between
  1347 and 1351. The plague originally came from
  central and eastern Asia.

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• Traders unknowingly brought rats carrying the
  disease to Mediterranean ports. From there it
  quickly swept throughout much of Europe. Fleas
  that fed on infected rats passed on the plague to
  people.
• Some historians think that the Black Death killed
  a third of Europe's population- perhaps 25
  million people.
• The old Manor System, already weakened by the
  growth of cities, collapsed. Plague survivors
  found their skills in demand and charged more for
  their labor. Instead of working for the rich,
  peasants now had other job opportunities.