THE 13 COLONIES

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THE 13 COLONIES
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REVIEW

• Before we get to the 13 colonies, lets review
  what has happened to lead up to the establishment
  of the 13 colonies

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Review

• So far, we have learned that many European
  nations began to send explorers around the world
  hoping to claim land, find riches, and spread
  their religion. Many nations were looking for
  the Northwest Passage which was a shortcut
  through North America to reach Asia for trade.
• Once the American continents
• were discovered nations competed
• with each other to claim the most land.

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CONQUISTADORS ( SPANISH EXPLORERS
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Review

• In order to compete with Spain and France,
  England sent many people to the east coast of
  America to establish colonies. England was happy
  to support the growth of colonies (towns) in
  America because it helped England claim land in
  the New World.

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The First Colony

• After several early attempts, English
  colonization became a success in 1607 when the
  Virginia Company of England sent a group of men
  to Jamestown, Virginia to build a colony.
• Jamestown would become the first permanent and
  successful English colony in America.

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REVIEW

• Twenty years after the start of Jamestown,
  another group of people called the Pilgrims
  headed to America from England.
• Unlike the Jamestown colonists who wanted land
  and a chance to make money, these Pilgrims were
  looking for religious freedom. The Pilgrims
  landed just north of Virginia, in Plymouth
  Massachusetts, and began the Plymouth colony.

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PURITANS AND PILGRIMS
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Government in the Colonies

• All of the colonies were settled with
• The permission of the king of England.
• The King of England issued
• charters (formal documents) that
• outlined the colonys boundaries and
• how it would be governed.
• However, since the colonies were so far away from
  England they still needed to be able to make
  their own laws to keep peace and order.

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Im the king of England! I control of the 13
colonies!!
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Early Government

• Since the colonies were so far from England, most
  of the colonies were allowed to have self-rule
  where they developed laws for themselves
• The first form of self-rule in the colonies
  began with the Pilgrims as they signed the
  Mayflower Compact on their way to Massachusetts.

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House of Burgesses and Representative Government

• Many of the colonies decided to create
  assemblies where members of the community could
  get together and discuss concerns in the
  colonies. Often people would elect
  representatives to speak on behave of the colony
  as a whole.
• The House of Burgesses became the first form of a
  representative government in America.

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THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES ( Representative
Government- where you elect representatives)
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England claims land along the Atlantic Coastline

• Over time, more and more people headed from
  Europe to America. England claimed most of the
  land along the east coast of America so many
  people who landed in what would become the 13
  colonies were from the European nation of
  England.

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The 13 Colonies

• By 1770 the America had grown into 13 English
  colonies. These colonies developed distinctive
• (unique) ways of life that would affect the
  development of America for years to come.

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People in the Colonies

• Most of the colonists felt they were citizens of
  England even though they were in the American
  colonies.
• Many colonists came to America for the chance to
  own land and start a new life in America. Others
  came to find religious freedom. There were some
  who did not have a choice.

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People in the Colonies

• A number of convicts (people in jail) were forced
  to go to America to work off their debts(money
  you owe) as indentured servants. And millions of
  people were kidnapped from Africa and taken to
  the colonies to work as slaves.

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What is an Indentured Servant?

• An indentured servant is a person who
• signed an indenture( agreement) to work
• for a master for a period of years in
• exchange for something. For example,
• land or a ride to America
• were both common things these
• poor servants wanted to work for.
• Indentured servants were not free until they
  completed
• their term of service. Most indentured servants
  were
• released from their master after they completed
  around
• 7 years of work.

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Grouping the 13 Colonies

• By 1733, there were 13 British/English colonies
  along the Atlantic coastline. They can be grouped
  into three distinct regions The New England,
  Middle, and Southern Colonies. These regions had
  different climates and resources that encouraged
  settlers to develop different ways of life.

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Map of the 13 colonies
NEW ENGLAND
MIDDLE
SOUTHERN
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THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
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New England Colonies ( The New England region
included the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire.)

• In New England, farming was difficult because of
  the long, cold winters, rocky soil and hilly
  wilderness. However, the sea and forests produced
  useful resources and ways to make a living.

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NEW ENGLAND

• In the New England Colonies, religion and
  geography were two of the greatest influences of
  life in New England.
• The Puritans and Pilgrims of this region hoped to
  build model communities based on their religious
  faith. New Englands forests and coastline made
  lumbering, shipbuilding and trade very important
  to the regions economy.

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Middle Colonies

• pictures

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Middle Colonies (New York, Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, and Delaware. )

• The landscape of this region ranged from rich
  soil to the wooded mountains. Farmers in the
  Middle Colonies raised a wide variety of crops
  and livestock. Lumbering, shipbuilding and other
  occupations added to the variety of opportunities
  in these colonies.
• The middle colonies became a center for trade
  between the 3 colonial regions.

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Middle Colonies

• . The Middle Colonies had rich soil, allowing the
  area to become a major exporter of wheat and
  other grains. Due to the regions production of
  wheat and grain, the Middle Colonies have also
  become known as the Bread Basket Colonies.
• The lumber and shipbuilding industries enjoyed
  success in the Middle Colonies, and Pennsylvania
  saw moderate success in the textile and iron
  industry.

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IRON INDUSTRY
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The Quakers

• The Middle Colonies were the most
• ethnically diverse British colonies in
• North America, with settlers coming from
• all parts of Europe. There were many
• religious and ethnic groups in the
• middle colonies.
• One of the these religious groups in the Middle
  Colonies were the
• Quakers as known as the Society of Friends. They
  were led by
• William Penn and believed in a simple lifestyle
  and treating people
• equally. They believed in treating Native
  Americans fairly and
• paying them for their land. They also refused to
  fight in wars or
• pay dues to the Church of England. Eventually,
  the Quakers
• would become a dominant group in the fight to end
  the slave
• trade.

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William Penn and the Quakers
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The Southern Colonies

• pictures

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Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North
Carolina, and Georgia. )

• This region featured large rivers and vast
  wetlands that merged into the sea. Here the soil
  was fertile and the hot wet climate made it an
  ideal region to grow tobacco, rice and other cash
  crops
• (cash crops crops that are grown only to make
  money/cash and not to just be eaten, like tobacco)

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Plantations in the South

• In the Southern Colonies, the climate and
  geography of the region made it a perfect place
  to grow cash crops like tobacco, cotton and rice.
  
• As more and more people began to grow cash crops,
  giant farms called plantations began to appear in
  the South. At first European indentured servants
  worked on this large farms however, as time went
  on, slaves from Africa became the main source of
  labor in the Southern Colonies.

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SLAVERY IN THE SOUTH

• Although slavery could be found in all
• of the 13 colonies the majority of the
• slaves were found in the South working
• on the large plantations. For example
• in the Maryland Colony, African slaves
• made up more than 50 to 60 percent of
• the overall population
• Life for slaves working on the Southern
  plantations was
• very difficult. They were treated as though they
  were
• animals and had no rights. The slaves were often
  ripped
• apart from their families and forced to work long
  hard days in the
• fields. If they tried to fight back they were
  often brutally punished.

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The Backcountry

• pictures

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The Backcountry

• The Backcountry was distant from the dense
  coastal cities of the 13 colonies. This was the
  area away from the coast and closer to the dense
  woods and meadows of the Appalachian Mountains,
  far away from the big cities. The people of the
  Backcountry faced more threats such as attacks
  from Native Americans and isolation. Their life
  was very rural and rugged.

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