Baroque

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Unit 4

• Baroque
• 1580-1700

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Baroque

• Rejected the limits of the previous styles.
• Restoration of the monarchy and church as central
  powers.
• Excess, ornamentation, contrast, tension and
  energy.
• Counter-reformation.

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Baroque Jeweler's term for a misshapen or
irregular pearl.
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Baroque O.T.T.

• Crowded
• Busy
• Overly-decorated
• Complicated
• Excessive
• Gaudy
• Even confusing!

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Glorification of the Reign of Urban VIII by
Cortona
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Religious Influence

• Restoration- return to power of a monarchy,
  usually with the blessing of the church.
• Protestant Reformation- Began by Martin Luther,
  split the Christian Church.
• Counter-Reformation- attempt of the Catholic
  church to bring former members back.
• Germany, Holland and England are Reformation
  countries.
• France, Spain and Italy are Counter-Reformation
  countries.

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Value

• Chiaroscuro- Intense contrast of value (light
  and dark) within an artwork.
• Nocturne- Night painting with a small, visible
  light source visible in the composition. Light
  tends to illuminate one figure only.
• Understood light source- Although the
  composition is illuminated, the light source is
  not readily visible.

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Calling of St. Matthew chiaroscuro
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Mary Magdalene by La Toura nocturne
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Rembrandt understood light source
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Rembrandt van Rijn

• Dutch master artist.
• Painted portraits, everyday events, historical
  subjects and landscapes.
• Unlike most artists, he did not specialize in one
  subject.
• A master of understood lighting.
• Employed other artists in his studio.
• The Night Watch was actually a daytime
  painting. It just needed cleaning.

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Self-portrait
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Self-portrait
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The Mill
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Night watch
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Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp
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Michelangelo da Caravaggio

• Excellent example of chiaroscuro.
• A master of movement.
• Painted his models to look like real people, with
  flaws/imperfections.
• Saints were often depicted in unusual ways.
• Known mainly as a Counter-Reformation artist, but
  also for his violent temper.

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The Deposition
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Conversion of Saul (St. Paul)
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Judith and Holifernes
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Death of the Virgin
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Giovanni Bernini

• Baroque sculptor.
• Worked primarily in marble.
• Worked in stone, but gave it a soft texture.
• Executed a number of religious-themed works, but
  also was accomplished in mythological subject
  matter.
• Was an accomplished portraitist, particularly of
  children.

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Ecstasy of St. Theresa
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David
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Apollo and Daphne
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Domenicos Theotokopoulos known as El
Greco

• Originally from Greece, but trained in Italy and
  settled in Spain.
• Picked up the Mannerist style during his studies
  in Italy.
• Settled in Toledo, Spain- a monastic city.
• 2 out of 3 persons living in Toledo worked
  directly for the Catholic Church in some
  capacity.
• El Greco used heavy line and focused on primary
  colors.

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Burial of (Lord) Count Orgaz
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The Despoilment of Christ
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View of Toledo
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Diego Velasquez

• Court painter to Philip IV of Spain
• Painted portraits, commemorative scenes and some
  religious subjects.
• The Maids of Honor is Velasquezs most famous
  painting due to the ways he creates the illusion
  of space.
• The Maids of Honor also shows the complex
  relationships within the household.

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Crucifixion
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Portrait of King Phillip IV of Spain
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The Surrender of Breda
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The Maids of Honor
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Dutch Genre Painting

• Genre- a representation of people, subjects, and
  scenes from everyday life.
• Sometimes also featured religious symbolism,
  despite the relatively secular culture of Holland.

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Dutch Genre Painting Still Life
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Still Life
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Jan Vermeer

• Typically painted interior scenes.
• Many of those scenes appear to take place in the
  same room.
• Those scenes often have a voyeuristic quality.
• There is also a snapshot quality of being a
  scene from a story.
• Concentrated on the effects of light on colors
  and textures.

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The Letter
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The Milkmaid
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The Girl With the Pearl Earring
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Rococo A style which places emphasis upon the
carefree lifestyle of the aristocracy rather than
on heroes and martyrs.Tends to be much smaller
than previous Baroque items, and extremely
decorative.
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Palace at Versailles
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Versailles

• Began as a hunting lodge in a swamp.
• After its completion, the entire grounds could
  accommodate up to 40,000 people.
• Built by King Louis XIV, designed by Mansart and
  LeBrun.
• Louis saw it as a way to remove his court from
  the intrigue of Paris so he could keep an eye
  on them.
• Louis burned to records so no one would know the
  construction cost, but the minimum modern-day
  estimate is 13 billion dollars.
• It cost nearly 25 of the French GNP to maintain
  per year.

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Interior of Versailles
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The Swing by Fragonard An Intrigue painting.
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Embarkation to Cythera by Watteau