Baroque Music

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Baroque Music
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The Classical Era
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The Romantic Era
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The Turn of the Century
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Atonality
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FountainMarcel Duchamp, 1917
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The Starry NightVincent van Gogh, 1889
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The ScreamEdvard Munch, 1893
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Composition VIIWassily Kandinsky, 1913
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The 20th Century

• Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to
  distort reality for an emotional effect.
• - Reaction against beautiful art
• - Influenced by WWI
• Expressionistic music was composed by the Second
  Viennese School

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Arnold Schoenberg 1874-1951

• Self taught in composition
• 1904-Began teaching
• Students Alban Berg, Anton Webern
• 1908-Wife left him for lover
• Increased dissonance in compositions
• 1933-Forced into exile by Hitler, moved to US

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Arnold Schoenberg

• Compositional Periods
• - Late Romantic, Expressionism (Atonality),
  Serialism
• 1908-Abandoned tonality (Atonality)
• Second Quartet
• Free Atonality
• - Notes are used without regard for their
  traditional relationships
• - No Key emancipation of dissonance
• Pierrot Lunnaire
• Setting of 21 poems for voice and chamber
  ensemble
• Sprechstimme- Spoken voice

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Arnold Schoenberg

• 12-Tone Technique (Serialism)
• All 12 tones are equal
• Basis of composition tone row
• An ordered arrangement of the
• twelve notes of the chromatic scale
• Rules for composition
• The set is a specific ordering of all
• twelve notes of the scale.
• No note is repeated within the set
• The set may be stated in any of its "linear
  aspects"

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Anton Webern1883-1945

• Denounced by Nazi Party
• Referred to him as degenerate art
• Very Patriotic, never left Germany
• Accidentally shot by an American Soldier during
  Allied occupation.
• Compositions
• Drastic influence on post-war avant-garde (more
  influential than Berg)
• Style
• Free Atonality/12-tone technique
• Very short in duration
• Sparse textures
• Carefully chosen timbres (detailed instructions)
  effects

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Anton Webern1883-1945

• Klangfarbenmelodie-Tone color melody breaking
  up a musical line or melody out from one
  instrument to between several instruments.
• Style is called Pointillism (when the music is
  sparse, with many rests)

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Alban Berg1885-1935

• Compositions combine all music from his lifetime
• Violin Concerto most popular
• - 12-tone technique
• - Quotations (Bach)
• Wozzeck The first avant-garde opera
• - Atonal, 12-tone, and Tonal
• - No Aria or Recit through composed
• - Atonality allows subject matter to be truly
  represented

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Wozzeck

• Characters
• Wozzeck a soldier (poor folk)
• Marie Wozzecks mistress
• Synopsis
• Act 1 Wozzeck is tortured by his commanding
  officer a doctor
• Act 2 Marie admires earrings her lover has
  given her. Wozzeck is unsuccessful in
  confronting them
• Act 3 Wozzeck murders Marie. When back at the
  local tavern, people notice blood on his hands.
  Wozzeck tries to hide the knife in a pond, and
  wash the blood off of his clothes and drowns.
  The opera closes on a scene with Wozeck Maries
  child.