NUTRIENTS

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NUTRIENTS

• From foukeffa.org
• Written by Teri Micke
• Ag Student Texas AM

GA Ag Ed Curriculum Office To accompany the
Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Course
01432 June, 2002
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5 MAJOR FOOD GROUPS

• 1. meats
• 2. breads and cereals
• 3. fruits
• 4. vegetables
• 5. dairy products

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6 CLASSES OF NUTRIENTS

• 1. carbohydrates
• 2. proteins
• 3. fats
• 4. vitamins
• 5. minerals
• 6. water

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CARBOHYDRATES

• 4 calories/gram of energy
• functions
• needed for body heat
• synthesis of tissue
• increase fat utilization
• provide fiber
• promote Vitamin B synthesis

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• 2 forms
• complex - hundreds of molecules together
• starch - used by body
• cellulose - not used by body, cannot break bonds
  (fiber)
• simple - 3 or less simple sugar molecules
• examples glucose fructose sucrose (table
  sugar)

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• all carbohydrates are eventually broken down into
  glucose
• body links glucose together to form glycogen
  which is stored in the liver and muscles

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PROTEIN

• 4 cal/g of energy
• made up of amino acids
• function
• supply nitrogen based molecules for tissue
  synthesis and provide essential amino acids
• supply energy

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• found in plant and animal tissues
• when we eat we take in amino acids, the body puts
  them together to form proteins needed

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FATS

• 9 cal/g of energy
• functions
• supply necessary polyunsaturated fatty acids
• aid in absorption of fat-soluble Vitamin A,D,E,
  K
• source of phospholipids
• insulate and protect body
• reserve source of energy

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VITAMINS

• body cant make, must come from food
• kinds
• Vit A prevent night blindness, skin diseases
• Vit D increase Ca and P absorption
• Vit E increase Fe absorption
• Vit K blood clotting

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• Kinds of vitamins (cont.)
• Vit C prevent scurvy, bone/joint diseases
• Vit B
• B1(thiamine) oxidize glucose
• B2 (riboflavin) cell growth
• Niacin
• B6
• Panthothenic acid - mental health
• B12 - prevent anemia
• Folacin - prevent anemia
• Biotin

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MINERALS

• macrominerals Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl
• trace minerals Fe, Cu, Se, I, Mn, Mo, Zn, Cr, F

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WATER

• human body made up of 18 protein, 15.5 fat, 3
  minerals, .6 carbs, .000001 Vit, and 63 water
• need .66 gal water/day, drink about .49 gal where
  do we get the rest??
• in the food we eat, example lettuce is 95 water

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• function of water
• solvent
• transport media (food) to cells
• remove waste
• regulate temp and metabolic rate

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CALORIES

• amount of heat to raise 1g water 1degree C
• Calories C 1 kilocalorie 1,000 calories
• metric joule
• 1 joule - .0239 cal
• 1 cal - 4.184 joules
• kilojoules 1,000 joules

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• 2.5 times more Calories in fat than in protein or
  carbs