Seven Nutrients

1
Seven Nutrients
2
Words to Know!

• NUTRITION - is the science that studies how body
  makes use of food.
• DIET - is everything you eat and drink.
• NUTRIENTS - are the substances in food.

3
The Process of Satisfying Hunger

1. You need energy
2. You feel hungry
3. You eat to get rid of hunger
4. You feel satisfied
5. You need more energy
6. The cycle repeats again

4
What Food Does for You

• It provides energy for daily activity
• It gives you raw material
• Eating is an enjoyable activity

5
Seven Nutrients

• Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Fat
• Fiber
• Minerals
• Vitamins
• Water

6
Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy.
  Released in cellular respiration.
• Sources of Carbohydrates
• - Whole wheat breads
• - Rice
• - Pasta
• - Potatoes
• - Sweets

7
Carbohydrates
8
Carbohydrates
Types of Carbohydrates The simplest type of
carbohydrate is a simple sugar called a
_monosaccharide . Examples glucose and
fructose_ Two monosaccharide molecules can
combine to form a _disaccharide a 2-sugar
carbohydrate. Example __sucrose_ (table
sugar), maltose (malt for shakes) The largest
carbohydrate molecules are _polysaccharides_,
polymers composed of many monosaccharide
subunits. Examples stored in starch cell
wall Cellulose cell wall Glycogen liver
Cellulose
9
Protein

• Protein is essential for body growth and repair
  of body cells.
• Sources of Protein
• Meats
• Eggs
• Fish
• Nuts
• Beans
• Some soluable in water, some not

10
Protein

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Sulfer
• Many amino acids hooked in a chain
• 20 different Amino acids

• Produce enzymes, antibodies, haemoglobin and
  other chemicals in the body

11
Fats

• Fats are another source of energy.
• Stored in the cells of mammals.
• It also protects against temperature changes.
• Sources of Fat
• Butter - Cheese
• Eggs - Meat

12
FatFats
Twice as much energy as carbs, extra fat is
stored in the body
13
FatsCarbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

• Solid room temp
• Example Butter
• Liquid at room temp
• Example vegetable oil

14
Fiber

• Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that the body
  can't digest.
• Influences ALL stages of digestion
• Sources
• All-natural cereals
• Whole-grain breads
• Beans
• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Nuts
• ONLY PLANTS PRODUCE FIBER!!!

15
Fiber
16
Vitamins

• Vitamins help regulate body functions.
• Sources of Vitamins
• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Whole grain breads

17
Vitamins
18
Minerals

• Minerals help your body work properly.
• Sources of Minerals
• Milk
• Meats
• Whole grain cereal

19
Minerals
20
Water

• Water is essential to our body because it carries
  nutrients.
• Sources of Water
• Juices - Oranges
• Milk - water melon

21
How Much Should You Eat?

• It depends on three factors
• Gender
• Activity level
• Age

22
What if I dont get enough

• Vitamin C
• Anemia
• Bleeding gums Gingivitis
• Decreased ability to fight infection
  wound-healing rate
• Dry and splitting hair
• Easy bruising
• Nosebleeds
• Possible weight gain because of slowed metabolism
• Rough, dry, scaly skin
• Swollen and painful joints
• Weakened tooth enamel
• SEVERE deficiency can lead to scurvy
• causes general weakness, anemia, gum disease, and
  skin hemorrhages.

23
What if I dont get enough

• Vitamin D
• Severe deficiency can lead to Rickets which can
  cause softening and weakening of the bones
• Bone pain/tenderness
• Dental deformities
• Impaired growth
• Increased bone fractures
• Muscle cramps
• Short stature (adults less than 5 feet tall)
• Skeletal deformities

24
What if I dont get enough

• Calcium
• Can weaken bones, causing them to become brittle
• Osteoporosis
• thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density
  over time.
• Symptoms dont appear until LATE in disease!!
• Bone pain or tenderness
• Fractures with little or no trauma
• Loss of height (as much as 6 inches) over time
• Low back pain due to fractures of the spinal
  bones
• Neck pain due to fractures of the spinal bones
• Stooped posture or kyphosis, also called a
  "dowager's hump"

25
What if I dont get enough

• Iron
• most common nutritional deficiency and the
  leading cause of anemia in the United States
• Symptoms
• Feeling tired and weak
• Decreased work and school performance
• Slow cognitive and social development during
  childhood
• Difficulty maintaining body temperature
• Decreased immune function, which increases
  susceptibility to infection
• Glossitis (an inflamed tongue)