TEM

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• TEM NOSS
• The EUROCONTROL Perspective
• Alexander Skoniezki
• Head of Business Division
• Human Factors Management
• EUROCONTROL Directorate ATM Strategies

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This presentation will describe

• TEM NOSS in the international EUROCONTROL
  context
  
• The safety thinking behind the EUROCONTROL
  approach
  
• NOSS trials in Europe

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TEM NOSS - an ICAO initiative

• ICAO Safety HF Circular on TEM - Threat and
  Error Management - end of 2005
  
• ICAO TEM/NOSS Symposium on 9/10 November
  EUROCONTROL IANS, Luxembourg
  
• ICAO NOSS Concept document - end of 2005
• ICAO NOSS Implementation Manual - end of 2006
  based on NOSS trials

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TEM NOSS the EUROCONTROL contribution

• EUROCONTROL - member of ICAO NOSS SG contributing
  to
  
• TEM Circular, v
• NOSS Concept Document v
• Definition of the Operating Characteristics v
• NOSS Implementation Manual (in preparation)
• EUROCONTROL internal
• NOSS RD project of the EATM Human Factors Domain
  to further develop validate the tool and verify
  its added value
  
• NOSS as a potential SMS tool for ESAAR 3

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NOSS as a potential tool for safety surveys
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TEM NOSS the EUROCONTROL context

• EUROCONTROLs Safety Objective
• Further improve safety whilst accommodating air
  traffic growth
  
• Further implement safety regulations and
  strengthen their enforcement
  
• Further develop safety management and monitor
  safety indicators

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TEM NOSS the EUROCONTROL context
ANSPs SMS implementation maturity scores
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Whats the safety thinking behind NOSS
NOSS is a tool for the collection of safety data
during normal ATC operations.
Why is it needed?
Progress in safety will increasingly rely on an
understanding of what we are doing well and how
this can help us improve.

• NOSS, the potential benefits
• NOSS as a potential proactive safety management
  tool providing contemporary data to inform safety
  management systems
  
• NOSS application allows the ability to learn and
  build on what we are doing well

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Safety drivers for NOSS approach at EUROCONTROL

• Safe systems cannot rely on traditional methods
  of analysis
  
• If you think your system is truly safe it almost
  certainly is not
  
• The absence of incidents accidents does not
  mean you are safe
  
• Even the safest systems will inevitably drift to
  a less safe state
  
• Technology and innovation constantly change the
  interactions among components of the ATM system
  
• Safety system audit for normal operations may
  likely be a requirement in Europe
  
• NOSS as a potential method to comply with ESARR 3

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NOSS is about the everyday operation
Normal people
Normal work
Normal environments
NOSS potentially provides additional valuable
information that we need to improve safe systems
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NOSS trials the philosophy and approach

• NOSS trials
• - require an interdisciplinary approach
• require a champion in the organisation
• use observers who best understand the nature of
  the operation and its demands ATCOs with ...
  
• an in depth understanding of the views of the
  observed persons in the operational context
  
• technical knowledge of practice in that setting
• knowledge of SMS and human factors relevant to
  such contexts
  
• trained in NOSS observation and recording methods

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NOSS trials in Europe tools and conditions

• Draft NOSS Manual for European trials
• Refinement of data cleaning analysis method
• NOSS training module for educating NOSS observers
  (ATCOs)
  
• NOSS recording forms to conduct observations
• NOSS trials build on experience of preceding
  trials
  
• 2-4 ANSPs volunteer for NOSS trials in ACC/APP,
  TWR environment
  
• Stakeholder consultation, Agency expert
  involvement (e.g. safety, regulation, etc.)

Prototype material based on collective experience
in the NOSS SG
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EUROCONTROL NOSS RD Project -Timeline
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Estimated effort for ANSPs in trials

• Publish briefing paper for all personnel
  explaining NOSS plus letter of support from
  senior management
  
• Training for 4-6 observers, provided by
  EUROCONTROL
  
• 1 or 2 observers per observation session
• 1-2 days data cleaning
• Feedback of results to ANSPs - data de-identified
  
  

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Some issues the trials will examine

• Benefits and added value of NOSS for SMS
• NOSS applications in different operational
  settings
  
• Information on cross cultural aspects of NOSS
• Identification of environmental/contextual
  conditions that contribute to threats, errors and
  undesired state in the absence of reportable
  occurrences
• Identification of technical and non technical
  system performances that contribute to the
  successful management of threats, errors and
  undesired states

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Some issues the trials will examine

• Relationship between NOSS data and errors and
  system generated technical data
  
• Do NOSS observers agree on the threats, errors
  and undesired states identified, how similar are
  their data?
  
• Do observed persons agree with observers on the
  threats, errors and undesired states identified?
  
• How best to report on and integrate NOSS data
  into SMS?
  
• Do NOSS observations provide additional valuable
  data that are not already collected otherwise?

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Closing remarks

• EUROCONTROL supports ICAOs NOSS developments by
  contributing to NOSS SG
  
• EUROCONTROL uses ICAO TEM/NOSS results and
  guidance material for European NOSS trials
  
• EUROCONTROL NOSS activities are fully aligned
  with international developments and complementary
  to ICAO
  
• EUROCONTROL takes a careful approach on NOSS,
  considering European SMS maturity levels,
  cultural diversities and cost-benefit ratios