Management

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• Management ?

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• Managementmanipulating the resource to achieve
  selected goals or end results...

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• SCIENCE
• the systematic observation of natural events and
  conditions in order to discover facts about them
  and to formulate laws and principles based on
  these facts (Academic Press Dictionary of Science
  Technology)...

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History of Wildlife Management

• Chinese, Greeks Romans practiced wildlife
  management

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History of Wildlife Management

• Chinese, Greeks Romans practiced wildlife
  management

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History of Wildlife Management

• Chinese, Greeks Romans practiced wildlife
  management
• European immigrants to North America viewed
  wildlife as a commons

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History of Wildlife Management

• Chinese, Greeks Romans practiced wildlife
  management
• European immigrants to North America viewed
  wildlife as a commons
• Lead to overexploitation

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• 1639 Rhode Island closed deer season May-November

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• 1639 Rhode Island closed deer season
  May-November
• 1852 Maine hired salaried game wardens

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• 1639 Rhode Island closed deer season
  May-November
• 1852 Maine hired salaried game wardens
• 1873 Maine limited to 3 deer per year

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• 1852 Maine hired salaried game wardens
• 1873 Maine limited to 3 deer per year
• 1887 Wisconsin limits bag on prairie chickens to
  25/day

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• 1896 States own wildlife

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• 1896 States own wildlife
• 1900 Lacey Act prohibits interstate shipment of
  illegally killed game
• Among first laws to specifically protect wildlife
• Tied to commerce clause of U. S. Constitution

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• 1896 States own wildlife
• 1900 Lacey Act prohibits interstate shipment of
  illegally killed game
• 1913 Weeks-McClean Act places migratory birds
  under federal control

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• 1918 Migratory Bird Treaty Act-Focused on
  protection of migratory bird species
• 1931 Animal Damage Control Act
• 1937 Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act
• Several individual species acts

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Endangered Species

• Endangered Species Act, 1966
• Endangered Species Conservation Act, 1969
• Convention on Trade of Endangered Species of Wild
  Flora and Fauna, 1973 or CITES
• Endangered Species Act, 1973
• Richard Nixon
• U. S. and foreign species listed
• Threatened and endangered classifications
• Broad taking prohibitions
• Agencies must conserve listed species, critical
  habitat

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• Predator control

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• Predator control
• 1620 Colonists recommend destroying all wolves

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• Predator control
• 1620 Colonists recommend destroying all wolves
• 1630 Mass. Bay Colony places bounty on wolves
  (Virginia in 1632)

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• Predator control
• Set aside preserves

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• Predator control
• Set aside preserves
• 1894 Park Protection Act protects wildlife in
  national parks

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• Predator control
• Set aside preserves
• 1894 Park Protection Act protects wildlife in
  national parks
• 1903 1st national wildlife refuge - Pelican
  Island, Florida (51 more refuges established in
  1904)

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• Predator control
• Set aside preserves
• Artificial propagation

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• Predator control
• Set aside preserves
• Artificial propagation
• 1881 Oregon - Judge Denny released ring-necked
  pheasants (spread coast to coast by 1900)

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• Predator control
• Set aside preserves
• Artificial propagation
• Habitat manipulation

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Regulations
• Predator control
• Set aside preserves
• Artificial propagation
• Habitat manipulation
• 1924 Quail management plan based on scientific
  studies by Herb Stoddard

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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Non-renewable vs. Renewable

James Jay Audubon
Teddy Roosevelt
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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Non-renewable vs. Renewable
• Preservation vs. Conservation

John Muir
Gifford Pinchot
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Evolution of Wildlife Management

• Non-renewable vs. Renewable
• Preservation vs. Conservation
• Game vs. Biodiversity

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