Operating Regulations

1
Chapter 8

• Operating Regulations

2
Chapter 8 Operating Regulations

• Todays agenda
• Control operators
• Guest operating and privileges
• Identification on the air
• Tactical Call Signs
• Rules about interference
• Third-party communications

3
Chapter 8 Operating Regulations

• Todays agenda (Continued)
• Remote and automatic control
• Prohibited communications
• Broadcasting

4
Chapter 8 Control Operators
All transmissions from an amateur radio station
must be made under the control of a properly
licensed operator who is responsible for making
sure that all FCC rules are followed. That
operator is the stations control
operator. There can only be one control operator
for a station at a time. The control operator is
responsible for station operation, no matter who
is actually speaking in the microphone, sending
Morse code or using a keyboard to send digital
signals.
5
Chapter 8 Control Operators
A control operator is the amateur designated to
be responsible for making sure that all
transmissions from the station comply with FCC
rules. The control operator does not have to be
the station licensee and doesnt have to be
physically present at the transmitter in some
cases. The control operator is responsible for
all amateur transmissions from the from the
station. The station licensee is responsible for
designating the control operator.
6
Chapter 8 Control Operators

• A control operator must be
• Named in the FCC amateur license database or
• Be an alien (a citizen of another country -
  not E.T.)
• with reciprocal operating authorization.
• Any licensed amateur can be a control operator
• within the limits of the privileges of their
  current license

7
Chapter 8 Control Operators
The control point is where the control function
is performed. Usually, the control point is at
the transmitter and the control operator
manipulates the controls of the transmitter. The
control point can be remotely located and
connected by phone lines, the Internet or a radio
link.
8
Chapter 8 Control Operators
Privileges Guest Operating
As the control operator, you may operate the
station in any way permitted by the privileges of
your license. It doesnt matter what the station
owners privileges are, only the privileges of
the control operator. Being a guest operator is
very common you may allow another amateur to
use your station or you may be the guest. In
either case you need to understand what sets the
control operators privileges.
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Chapter 8 Control Operators
Privileges Guest Operating
Joe (KA2JUQ) has a Technician class license and
visits Mary (WN4FUI) who has an Amateur extra
license. If Mary is the control operator, Joe
can operate Marys station using Marys call sign
on any amateur frequency using all of Marys
license privileges. Mary must be present to
perform the control operator responsibilities
while Joe is operating her station.
10
Chapter 8 Control Operators
Privileges Guest Operating
If Mary has to go to the store, she can tell Joe
that he can be the control operator of her
station. As the control operator of Marys
station Joe may operate her station only within
the limits of his Technician class license
privileges. If Mary does not tell Joe that he
can be the control operator, Joe may not legally
operate Marys station.
11
Chapter 8 Control Operators
Privileges Guest Operating
Mary (WN4FUI) who has an Amateur Extra class
license visits Joe (KA2JUQ) who has a Technician
class license. If Joe lends Mary his station
(Mary is not the control operator), Mary can
operate Joes station using all of her Amateur
Extra class license privileges. In this case
there are some unique identification rules that
apply.
12
Chapter 8 Control Operators
Privileges Guest Operating
Because Mary (WN4FUI) has the higher class
license and is borrowing a lower class
licensees station (KA2JUQ), she must identify
herself in the following manner when using her
unique license privileges (e.g., those privileges
not available to Joe because he has a Technician
class license) Phone This is KA2JUQ stroke
WN4FUI CW/Digital DE KA2JUQ/WN4FUI When
operating Joes station using VHF or UHF Mary
only has to identify using Joes call sign.
13
Chapter 8 Control Operators
Privileges Guest Operating
Regardless of license class, BOTH the guest
operator and station owner are responsible for
proper operation of the station. The control
operator is responsible for the stations
transmissions and the station owner is
responsible for limiting access to the station to
responsible licensees. The FCC will presume the
station licensee to be the control operator
unless there is a written record of who is the
control operator.
14
Chapter 8 Control Operators
Unlicensed Operators
There is nothing wrong with an unlicensed person
operating an amateur radio station as long as a
control operator is present when any
transmissions are made. Unlicensed persons may
operate an amateur radio station only within the
limits of the license privileges granted to the
control operator. The control operator must
always be present and ensuring that all FCC rules
are obeyed.
15
Chapter 8 Identification
Normal Identification
Every time you say or send your call sign over
the air, you are identifying your
station. Unidentified transmissions are not
allowed, no matter how brief. Unidentified
means that no call sign was associated with a
transmission. If you need to make a test
transmission to check your antenna, radio, etc.,
just speaking your call sign is all that is
needed.
16
Chapter 8 Identification
Normal Identification

• Keying your transmitter to check if your signal
  is reaching the repeater is called kerchunking
  because of the sound the repeater makes. If you
  dont give your call sign youve sent an
  unidentified transmission. Just say your call
  sign and youll be legal.
• You must give your call sign at least once every
  10 minutes during a contact (including test
  transmissions) and when the contact is ended.
• Not required at the beginning
• Not required to say the other stations call
  sign but its considered to be good practice

17
Chapter 8 Identification
Normal Identification
A LID is a derogatory term to describe an
amateur radio operator who is inept at the
practice of the practice/art in the amateur radio
service. You might be considered to be a LID
if you say This is KA2JUQ for ID giving your
call is all thats necessary or This is KA2JUQ
on the 105 machine You dont need to tell me
youre on the 105 machine because if I can hear
you I already know youre on the 105 machine. If
I cant hear you, what difference does it make?
18
Chapter 8 Identification
Normal Identification
You can identify your station by Morse code, by
voice, or in an image. Video and digital call
signs must be sent via a standard protocol or
format. You may talk to anyone via amateur radio
using a foreign language. However you must
identify your station in English. The FCC
recommends the use of phonetics when you identify
by voice which avoid confusing letters that sound
alike. You may also identify by CW (Morse code)
even if using voice.
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Chapter 8 Identification
Normal Identification
International Phonetics International Phonetics International Phonetics International Phonetics International Phonetics International Phonetics International Phonetics International Phonetics
A Alpha H Hotel O Oscar V Victor
B Bravo I India P Papa W Whiskey
C Charlie J Juliet Q Quebec X X-Ray
D Delta K Kilo R Romeo Y Yankee
E Echo L Lima S Sierra Z Zulu
F Foxtrot M Mike T Tango
G Golf N November U Uniform
20
Chapter 8 Identification
Tactical Call Signs
Tactical call signs are used to help identify
where a station is and what it is doing. Water
Stop Three (KA2JUQ) this is Net Control
(WN4FUI) Shelter Three (KA2JUQ) this is EOC
(WN4FUI) Tactical calls can be used any time but
are usually used druing emergency and public
service operations.
21
Chapter 8 Identification
Tactical Call Signs

• Tactical call signs dont actually replace your
  call sign because the regular identification
  rules apply
• Every 10 minutes and
• At the end of the contact
• Water Stop Three this is Net Control. The
  ambulance will arrive in five minutes. KB3ATI
• This is Water Stop Three. QSL Net Control. AA3RR

22
Chapter 8 Identification
Tactical Call Signs
In the previous example Water Stop Three and
Net Control are Tactical Call Signs. KB3ATI
and AA3RR are the actual call signs of the
operators who are currently operating the Water
Stop Three and Net Control stations.
23
Chapter 8 Identification
Self-Assigned Indicators
FCC Part 97.119(c) states One or more
indicators may be included with the call sign.
Each indicator must be separated from the call
sign by the slant bar (/) or by any suitable word
that denotes the slant bar. If an indicator is
self-assigned, it must be included before, after,
or both before and after, the call sign. If
AA3RR from Maryland is operating in Ohio, he
would indicate that by saying AA3RR portable
(or mobile) in Ohio.
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Chapter 8 Identification
Self-Assigned Indicators
If using Morse or Digital modes it would look
like this If AA3RR from Maryland is operating
in Ohio, he would indicate that by saying
AA3RR/OH Portable in Ohio AA3RR/Mob/OH
Mobile in Ohio
25
Chapter 8 Identification
Self-Assigned Indicators
FCC Part 97.119(c) also states No self-assigned
indicator may conflict with any other indicator
specified by the FCC Rules or with any prefix
assigned to another country. AA3RR/M The M is
incorrectly used on CW or Digital to indicate
AA3RR is operating as a mobile station. In fact,
using M would indicate AA3RR was portable in
England because M is an allocated prefix for
England.
26
Chapter 8 Identification
Self-Assigned Indicators
FCC Part 97.119(c) also states No self-assigned
indicator may conflict with any other indicator
specified by the FCC Rules or with any prefix
assigned to another country. W3VPR/R The R is
incorrectly used on CW or Digital to indicate
W3VPR is a repeater station. In fact, using R
would indicate W3VPR was portable in Russia
because RAA - RZZ is allocated to the Russian
Federation. So why dont we follow the rules?
27
Chapter 8 Identification
Self-Assigned Indicators

• FCC Part 97.119(f) states that when the control
  operator who is using his/her new privileges as
  the result of a successful upgrade and that
  upgrade does not yet appear in the FCC data base,
  an indicator must be included after the call sign
  as follows
• Upgrade from Novice to Technician Class KT
• Upgrade from Novice, Technician to General
  Class AG
• Upgrade from Novice, Technician, General, or
  Advanced Class operator to Amateur Extra
  Class AE

28
Chapter 8 Identification
Self-Assigned Indicators
When using voice you would say WN4FUI
temporary (or interim) KT or AG or AE Its
recommended that you use phonetics to identify
the indicator (Kilo Tango, Alpha Golf or Alpha
Echo) When using Morse or Digital you would
send WN4FUI/KT WN4FUI/AG WN4FUI/AE
29
Chapter 8 Identification
Miscellaneous Identification Rules

• There are two exceptions to the identification
  rules
• Remote Control Signals
• Signals retransmitted through space stations

30
Chapter 8 Identification
Miscellaneous Identification Rules

• Remote Control Signals
• Controlling a model craft (e.g., airplane,
  boat, etc)
• You dont send your call sign
• Signals very weak and dont travel far
• Call sign not much use
• Put your call sign, name and address on the
  transmitter.

31
Chapter 8 Identification
Miscellaneous Identification Rules

• Signals retransmitted through space stations
• Space stations are amateur stations located
  more than 50 km above the Earths surface.
• Amateur Satellites
• International Space Station
• Space Shuttle

32
Chapter 8 Identification
Miscellaneous Identification Rules

• Space stations do not have to identify themselves
• The International Space Station has two Amateur
  radio stations on board
• NA1SS - USA
• RU0SS Russian Federation

33
Chapter 8 Identification
Test Transmissions

• The rules governing identification apply to test
  transmissions as well.
• Once every 10 minutes
• At the end of the testing
• Kept brief to avoid interfering with other
  stations
• Using voice - KA2JUQ testing
• Using Morse or CW KA2JUQ VVV VVV

34
Chapter 8 Identification
Automatic Identification

• Stations under automatic control must also
  identify themselves.
• Repeaters most common example
• Repeaters identify themselves in several ways
• Voice
• Morse (20 WPM or slower)
• Image using standard video signal format

35
Chapter 8 Identification
Special Event Stations

• When operating with a Special Event Call Sign
  (1 x 1 format)
• Both the special event call sign and the usual
  call sign of the amateur or club who requested
  the special event call sign must be given
  on-the-air.
• Special Event Call Sign Every 10 minutes and
  at the end of a communication.
• Call of club or amateur who applied for the
  special event call sign Once an hour.

36
Chapter 8 Interference
37
Chapter 8 Interference
Interference is caused by noise and by
signals. Noise interference is caused by
natural sources such as thunderstorms (QRN
natural) or unintentional signals radiated by
appliances, industrial equipment, or computing
equipment. Interference from nearby amateur
signals (QRM man made)
38
Chapter 8 Interference

• Most interference is manageable.
• Hams have learned various way of dealing with QRM
  including the following
• Common sense and courtesy
• Use of good filters to reject interference
• Remember that no one owns a frequency
• Be aware of other activities such as special
  events, Dxpeditions, and contests (there are
  lots of these).

39
Chapter 8 Interference
Interference is caused by noise and by
signals. Noise interference is caused by
natural sources such as thunderstorms (QRN
natural) or unintentional signals radiated by
appliances, industrial equipment, or computing
equipment. Interference from nearby amateur
signals (QRM man made) is a price we pay for
getting more people into the hobby. More people
operating on the bands will result in more
interference from amateur signals. More hams or
less signals?
40
Chapter 8 Interference
Harmful Interference
Harmful interference is defined as a transmission
that seriously degrades, obstructs or repeatedly
interrupts the communications of a regulated
service. Every ham should make sure to transmit
and receive in a way that minimizes the
possibility of causing harmful interference. If
you receive reports of interference from you such
as transmitting off-frequency or generating
spurious signals (splatter, harmonics, etc.)
check your equipment.
41
Chapter 8 Interference
Harmful Interference
When testing equipment, use a Dummy Load and
keep your transmissions short. Be flexible! If
you cause interference, apologize, identify and
take the necessary steps to reduce interference
--- change freq, reduce power, and/or change the
direction of your antenna if possible.
42
Chapter 8 Interference
Willful Interference
If you intentionally create harmful interference,
that is called willful interference and willful
interference is never allowed. No matter how you
do it (e.g., intentionally over-modulating,
transmitting spurious signals, transmitting
music, belching, etc.) intentionally interfering
or obstructing radio communications is against
the law.
43
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
This concept is often misunderstood even among
the old timers in our hobby. Amateur radio is
often used to send messages (Written and oral) on
behalf of unlicensed persons or organizations.
This is one of the oldest activities in ham
radio. We relay messages from station to station
until they are delivered by a ham near the
addressee. This is third-party communications.
44
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Because third-party communications bypass the
normal telephone and postal services, many
foreign governments want to control it for
several reasons. The FCC doesnt want the
Amateur Radio Service to become a non-commercial
messaging system. Naturally, we have some rules
that address third-party communications. We also
need to be clear on what is and is not
third-party communications. Its not rocket
science.
45
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Definitions Rules
The person or organization on whose behalf a
message is sent is the third party A licensed
amateur capable of being a control operator at
either station is not considered a third
party. Just because you can be the control
operator on 2-meters does not exclude you from
being a third party.
46
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Definitions Rules
The third party does not have to be present at
either station. A message can be taken to a ham
station or A ham can transmit speech from a
third partys telephone call over the ham radio
- Phone Patch. Over.
47
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Definitions Rules

• The communications transmitted on behalf of the
  third-party are not limited to written text.
• Spoken words
• Data
• Images
• An organization such as a church or a school can
  be a third-party.

48
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Definitions Rules
The third party may participate in transmitting
or receiving the message at either station. An
unlicensed person sends third-party
communications when they speak into the
microphone, send Morse code or type on a keyboard
(Digital).
49
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Definitions Rules

• The third party may participate in transmitting
  or receiving the message at either station.
• An licensed amateur sends third-party
  communications when they speak into the
  microphone, send Morse code or type on a keyboard
  (Digital) on a frequency beyond their current
  license privileges. For example
• A Novice operating on 2m
• A Tech operating on 20m
• A General operating on the Extra portion of 80m
  Phone
• If you cant be the control operator on the
  frequency in use you are a third party.

50
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Definitions Rules
Third-party communications may be exchanged
between any stations operating under FCC rules
with the constraint that the communications must
be noncommercial and of a personal nature. When
radio signals cross borders, the rules
change. International third-party communications
are restricted to those 50 countries/entities
that specifically allow third-party
communications with U.S. hams.
51
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Definitions Rules
Lets recap Example 1 A message from one ham
to another is not third-party communications,
whether transmitted directly or relayed by other
stations. Mary (WN4FUI) contacts Paul (KA2JUQ)
and asks him to deliver a birthday greeting to
Ryan (KB3DVA).
52
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Definitions Rules
Example 2 Mary (WN4FUI and an Amateur Extra)
lets Paul (KA2JUQ and a Technician) make a
contact with Ryan (KB3DVA) on 20m.
53
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Definitions Rules
Example 3 Freddy (G4FUI) contacts Paul (KA2JUQ)
on 15m and asks him to deliver a birthday
greeting to Ryan (KB3DVA) in Florida. Third-party
communications? Allowed?
54
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Definitions Rules
Example 4 Mary (WN4FUI) lets Paul (unlicensed)
make a contact with Ryan (KB3DVA).
55
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Definitions Rules
Example 4 Mary (WN4FUI) lets Paul (unlicensed)
make a contact with Ryan (KB3DVA).
56
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Antigua and Barbuda Chile El Salvador
Argentina Colombia Gambia, The
Australia Comoros (The Federal Islamic Republic of) Ghana
Belize Costa Rica Grenada
Bolivia Cuba Guatemala
Bosnia-Herzegovina Dominica Guyana
Brazil Dominican Republic Haiti
Canada Ecuador Honduras
57
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
Israel Nicaragua St. Lucia
Jamaica Panama St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Jordan Paraguay Sierra Leone
Liberia Peru South Africa
Marshall Islands Philippines Swaziland
Mexico Pitcairn Island Trinidad and Tobago
Micronesia, Federated States of St. Christopher and Nevis Turkey
58
Chapter 8 Third-Party Communications
United Kingdom (special event stations with call sign prefix GB followed by a number other than 3)
Uruguay
Venezuela
United Nations (4U1ITU) in Geneva, Switzerland
United Nations (4U1VIC) in Vienna, Austria.
Bottom Line If youre in contact with a ham in
a country/entity that is not on the list above,
you MAY NOT engage in any third-party
communications with that ham.
59
Chapter 8 Remote Automatic Control
Many stations such as repeaters and beacons
operate without human control operators. It is
becoming common to operate a station via a link
over the Internet or phone lines No matter how
it is done or where the control point is located,
the fact remains that the station must be
operated in compliance with the FCC rules at all
times.
60
Chapter 8 Remote Automatic Control
Definitions

• Local Control A control operator is physically
  present at the control point. This is the
  situation for almost all amateur stations. Any
  type of station can be locally controlled.
• Fixed Your station at home
• Mobile Your station in your vehicle
• Portable Walking around with your HT

61
Chapter 8 Remote Automatic Control
Definitions

• Remote Operation The control point is located
  away from the transmitter but a control operator
  is present at the control point. The control
  point and the transmitter are connected by a
  control link.
• Internet
• Phone line
• Radio
• Any station can be remotely controlled.

62
Chapter 8 Remote Automatic Control
Definitions
Automatic Operation The station operates
completely under the control of devices and
procedures that ensure compliance with FCC rules.
A control operator is always required but does
not have to be at the control point when the
station is transmitting. Repeaters, beacons, and
space stations satellites are examples of
stations that are automatically controlled.
63
Chapter 8 Remote Automatic Control
Responsibilities
No matter what type of control is used, the
station must operate in compliance with FCC rules
at all times. No ifs, ands or buts. The control
operator, no matter where he/she is located
relative to the transmitter, is responsible for
the stations operation.
64
Chapter 8 Remote Automatic Control
Responsibilities
Repeater owners must install the necessary
equipment and procedures for automatic control to
ensure the repeater operates in compliance with
FCC rules. If the automatic controls result in
rules violations, the FCC can require a repeater
to be placed on remote control which requires a
control operator to be present when the repeater
is operating. However, repeater users are
responsible for proper operation via the
repeater.
65
Chapter 8 Remote Automatic Control
Responsibilities

• There are special rules for automatic control
  when using digital protocols to operate
  automatically.
• Stations may use a data mode (including RTTY)
  under automatic control in specific portions of
  the HF bands and above 50 MHz.
• Data stations are the only type of
  automatically-controlled stations allowed to
  forward third-party communications.
• It okay to pass third-party messages over a
  repeater.

66
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions

• Because radio amateurs are given wide latitude to
  communicate within technical and procedural
  rules, the FCC does not specifically prohibit
  very many types of transmissions. Here are four
  types that are prohibited
• Unidentified transmissions
• False or deceptive signals
• False distress or emergency signals
• Obscene or indecent speech

67
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Business Communications

• You may not used your amateur radio in any way to
  conduct your business your job or your
  employers business.
• This is AMATEUR RADIO and
• There are plenty of communications services
  available for commercial activities.
• However, your own personal activities dont count
  as business communications.
• See the next slide for examples

68
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Business Communications

• You may use your amateur radio for the following
• Talk to your spouse about shopping or what to
  pick up from the store.
• You can order things over-the-air as long as
  you dont do it regularly and it cant be related
  to your job.
• You can advertise equipment for sale as long it
  pertains to amateur radio and is not your regular
  job.

69
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Business Communications

• Use a repeaters autopatch to make or change a
  doctors appointment
• Advertise a radio for sale on a swap and shop
  net.
• Describe your business as part of a casual
  conversation.

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Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions

• Heres what you CANNOT do
• Use a repeaters autopatch to call a business
  client or to change a business appointment.
• Selling household or sporting goods on a swap
  and shop net.
• Regularly selling radio equipment at a profit
  over the air.
• Advertising your professional services over the
  air.

71
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions

• You cannot be paid for operating an amateur
  radio station.
• Exception to the rules
• Teachers may use ham radio as part of their
  classroom instruction.
• Their role as a control operator of a ham
  station must be incidental to their job and
  cannot be a majority of their duties.

72
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Encrypted Transmissions
One of the requirements for all of our operating
privileges is that amateur radio must remain a
public form of communications. Therefore, we
cannot transmit secret codes or obscure the
content of our transmissions in order to prevent
others form receiving the information.
73
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Encrypted Transmissions

• Translating information into data for
  transmission is called encoding and recovering
  the encoded information is called decoding.
• Most forms of encoding are okay because they
  use a published public digital protocol.
• Any ham can look up the protocol and develop
  the appropriate capabilities to receive and
  decode data sent with that protocol.

74
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Encrypted Transmissions
The use of codes or ciphers to hide the meaning
of the transmitted message is called
encryption. Recovery of the encrypted
information is called decryption. Amateurs may
use encryption techniques for radio control and
control to space stations, when interception or
unauthorized transmissions could have serious
consequences. No other use of encryption
techniques are authorized by radio amateurs.
75
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Broadcasting and Retransmission
Most non-hams incorrectly refer to the
transmissions of radio amateurs as
broadcasting. Broadcasting consists of one-way
transmissions intended for reception by the
general public. The radio stations you listen
to in your vehicle or on your home stereo are
called broadcast stations because they their
one-way transmissions are intended for the
general public. Hams are not permitted to
make this type of transmission.
76
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Broadcasting and Retransmission

• The prohibition on broadcasting includes
• Hams may not repeat or relay transmissions from
  other communications services.
• Hams may not assist or participate in news
  gathering by broadcasting organizations (e.g.,
  commercial or public radio including satellite
  radio, commercial, public, or cable television,
  etc.)

77
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Broadcasting and Retransmission
On-the-air code practice and bulletins for radio
amateurs are permitted. However, with one
exception, transmitting music via amateur radio
is prohibited. This INCLUDES background music
from your vehicle radio, home stereo, a CD
player, etc. Turn off the music before you
transmit! The exception? When music is
rebroadcast as part of an AUTHORIZED rebroadcast
of space station or space shuttle transmissions.
78
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Broadcasting and Retransmission

• Retransmitting the signals of another station is
  generally prohibited. Some exceptions include
• You are relaying messages or digital data from
  another station.
• Repeaters, auxiliary stations and space
  stations are allowed to automatically retransmit
  signals on different frequencies or channels.

79
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Special Circumstances
Ham communications must be intended for reception
by hams. Hams may retransmit weather and
propagation information from government stations
but not on a regular basis. You may operate on a
boat or from a private plane only with the
approval of the Captain (The FAA prohibits all
transmissions from inside the aircraft while in
flight).
80
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Special Circumstances
If you receive permission to operate from a boat
or private airplane you cannot use any on-board
radio systems (e.g., the radio equipment normally
used by the crew of the boat or plane). You must
bring your own equipment. Amateur communications
may not interfere with any of the on-board
communications systems including navigation
equipment.
81
Chapter 8 Prohibited Transmissions
Special Circumstances
Normally, hams cant communicate with non-amateur
services. The FCC may allow hams to communicate
with non-ham services at certain times or during
declared emergencies. RACES operators may also
communicate with government stations during
emergencies. Once a year, the FCC permits
ham-to-military communications on Armed Forces
Day during May.