Food Security in Samoa

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Food Security in Samoa

• Seve Sinei Fili
• Ministry of Health

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Talk outline

• Food security in Samoa
• Do we have sufficient food?
• Do we have nutritious food?
• Do we have access to nutritious food?
• Consequences of food insecurity in Samoa
• Efforts to improve food security in Samoa

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Changes in Food Supply 1963-2003

• Significant changes in the supply pattern
• Imported cereals (mainly wheat, also rice)
  replaced locally produced root crops as most
  important source of energy
• Locally produced meat replaced with imported meat

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Do we have access to nutritious foods
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Stores filled with processed foods
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Little access to healthy foods in school
canteens
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access to imported fruit vegetables restricted
by high tariff rates

• 20 tariff
• Most fruit vegetables
• 0 tariff
• Instant noodles
• Mutton flaps
• Sugar
• Salt

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Food advertising influences food choices (reduces
selection of healthy foods)

• 71 of total food advertising aimed at children
• Majority of food advertising to children
  unhealthy foods

Television food marketing to children, Meredith
Muzak, 2008.
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Food insecurity

• Insufficient access to nutritious food in Samoa

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Consequences of Food Insecurity
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Changing Diet

• Changing consumption between 1991 2003
• Increased rice, pancakes, cakes, chips
• Rapidly decreased fish and papaya
• Low fruit vegetable consumption
• Dietary habits of children a concern
• 2003 children compared with older adults
• more processed foods
• fewer fresh fruit vegetables
• 2006 school children's most common weekday foods
• bread, doughnuts, cabin biscuits, ice pops,
  instant noodles

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Efforts to improve food security and safety
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Efforts To Promote Local Fresh Foods

• Implement food nutrition policy (Food
  Nutrition Policy 2013)
• Implement and monitor healthy diet guidelines
• Healthy Eating and Lifestyle Guidelines for Samoa
  2008
• Promote fresh local foods e.g. fruit and
  vegetables, starchy root crops
• TV and Radio Spots Ads
• Improve food in schools and pre-schools
• Samoa School Nutrition Standards 2012 (SPAGHL
  spport)

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Efforts to improve nutritional content of
processed foods

• Update the food law to allow a focus on healthy
  food
• Establish food standards to improve nutrition
  e.g. control fat, salt and sugar content of food
  fortify food
• Work with business community to increase
  importation and sale of fortified foods

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Other efforts to improve food security and safety

• Develop standards for food labeling
• Incorporate food and nutrition in primary school
  curriculum
• Develop BHSC at the NUS (including nutrition)
• Conduct research on nutrition e.g. DHS, Brown
  University

Unlabeled flour for sale is it fortified?
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Future possibilities

• Excise tax - increase on soft drinks and apply to
  other unhealthy foods
• Develop Code of marketing for children's food
  advertising
• Review price control measures and place emphasis
  on healthy foods
• Remove import taxes for fruit vegetables

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Conclusion

• Samoan diet has modernized -
• Increasing reliance on processed foods,
  especially children
• Health consequences
• Increasing rates of lifestyle diseases
• Micronutrient deficiencies
• Need to overcome these health consequences
• Strengthen what we are doing - educating
  consumers and promoting physical activity
• Strengthen sustainable production and use of
  fresh local foods.
• Need to use innovative approaches related to food
  standards and their effective enforcement
• Multi-sectoral task - Ministries need to work
  closely together to improve nutrition, food
  production and food quality
• Samoa needs to work in a harmonised manner with
  other Pacific countries

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Faafetai lava!