Protista mostly unicellular, eukaryotic

1
Protista- mostly unicellular, eukaryotic

• Some multicelled forms of algae
• still have single-celled gamete holding
  structures.

2
Sarcodina or Amoeba

• Pseudopods false foot- cytoplasmic streaming
• phagocytosis-engulf food with a vacuole
• both free-living and parasitic in water or host
  intestine
• both sexual and asexual reproduction
• cyst stage- amoebic dyssentery

3
Rhizopoda Amoeboid
4
cyst
5
Formanifera

• Calcium carbonate surrounds cell
• Marine species only

6
Foraminifera
7
Actinopoda-Radiolarian

• Similar to Rhizopoda in most respects
• silicate outer cell structure
• both fresh water and marine species make up
  plankton

8
Actinopoda Radiolarians
9
Cilliates---- Paramecium

• Move using cillia
• Oral groove and vacuole
• both parasitic and free living
• Macronuclei-fission/ Micronuclei-conjugation(
  sexual )
• Contractile vacuole- eliminates excess water

10
Paramecium
11
Ciliate Paramecium
cv-contractile vacuole o- vacuole og-oral
groove
12
Paramecium conjugation
13
Zoomastigina Trypanasoma
14
Flagellates

• Move by a Flagella
• Found in host tissue ( blood) and
  vector---Tse-Tse Fly
• ex Trypanosomes - cause African Sleeping
  SicknessTrychinomids
• some are mutualistic as in Termites

15
Trychonympha lives inside Termites \mutualsitic
16
Sporozoans Plasmodium

• No means of locomotion or limited
• parasites feed by diffusion
• Blood of host and mouth of vector
• asexual reproduction in human host/ sexual
  reproduction in mosquito vector
• Malarial parasite Anopholes mosquito

17
Plasmodium
18
Apicomplexa
19
(No Transcript)
20
Euglena Euglenoids

• Flagella locomotion directed by stigma
• MIXOTROPHS- (hetero and autotroh) consume or make
  their own food
• Found in fresh water mostly
• carotenoids and chlorophyll with paramylon
  storage
• no cell wall and a stigma( light sensitive spot)

21
Euglenophyta
22
Dinoflaggelates

• 2- flagella
• photosynthesis
• main plankton species forming base of food chain
  algal blooms are often toxic- Red Tides
• two submembrane cellulose plates

23
Dinoflaglate
24
Golden Algae

• Flagellar locomotion
• mostly unicellular Golden Algae with some
  collonial forms
• larger amounts of carotene and xanthophyll and
  chlorophyll
• freshwater plankton

25
(No Transcript)
26
Diatoms

• Glide on secretion or use flagella
• Fresh Water and Marine Ecosystems
• pigments same as previous two phyla ( carotene
  and some chlorophyll)
• two silica plates surround these unicellular
  forms
• Diatoms-form diatomaceous earth

27
Diatoms
28
diatom
29
Plant like Protists
30
Alternation of Generation

• Change from multicellular haploid to
  multicellular diploid stage
• Diploid- SPOROPHYTE
• Haploid-GAMETOPHYTE

31
(No Transcript)
32
Rhodophyta-red algae

• Plant like only reproductive cells move
• adaptation for capturing light at great ocean
  depths
• Pigment of phycobilins called phycoerythrin
• carageenan carbohydrates used to make agar

Both sexual and asexual rep.
33
(No Transcript)
34
Rhodophyta
35
Rhodophyta
36
PHAEOPHYTA-brown algae

• Largest and most complex
• Only gametes move by flagella
• Fucoxanrthin pigments as well as others
• Marine Kelp beds
• multicellular- Thalloid( holdfast, stipe, blade,
  and float
• KELPS ex. Laminaria

37
Phaeophyta
blade
stipe
holdfast
38
(No Transcript)
39
Chlorophyta

• Mostly collonial forms ---Thalloid (plant like)
  Fillamentous--long thin strands
• (Only gametes move)
• chlorophyll a, b, and carotene with starch
  storage
• chloroplasts are dark green _ ancestor of
  aquatic and terrestrial plants
• Alternation of generation sexual and asexual
  reproduction

40
(No Transcript)
41
Chlorophyta Green Algae
42
Chlorophyta
43
Chlorophyta
44
(No Transcript)
45
Volvox a collonial green algae
46
Chlorophyta
47
Funguslike Protists

• Myxomycota-plasmodial slime molds
• Acrasiomycota-cellular slime molds
• Oomycota-water molds

48
Myxomycota Plasmodium Slime Molds

• engulfing food particles by phagocytosis
• Live on dead plants or animals
• Coenocytic- multinucleated giant cell resembling
  an amoeboid mass
• sporangia produce spores by meiosis
• spores germinate and haploid cells fuse the
  diploid nucleus divides without cytokinesis

49
(No Transcript)
50
AcrasimycotaCellular Slime Mold

• Solitary amoeboid cells congregate into a mass
• Feed by phagocytosis
• Need organic materials ( dead plants and animals)
• cells are haploid and spores are produced by
  mitosis in fruiting bodies
• haploid amoebas fuse to produce a zygote that
  develops into a giant cell

51
(No Transcript)
52
Oomycota Water Molds

• Feed by diffusion
• predominate diploid stage does not move,
  flagellated reproductive cells
• Mostly Water environments
• cell walls made of cellulose and a most are
  saprophytes and important decomposers in aquatic
  habitats

53
(No Transcript)
54
Vocabulary of Protists

• Heterotrophs-unable to make their own food,
  consumers
• Phagocytosis- cell surrounds and engulfs
  (swallows)
• Pseudopods-false feet, extensions of the
  cytoplasm
• Conjugation-sexual reproduction with exchange of
  DNA ( micronucleus)

55
Vocab. cont.

• Spores-reproductive structure that does not
  require fertilization ( asexual)
• Flagella- whip like locomotor structure
• cilia- hair like locomotor structure
• oral groove cilia lined cavity for feeding
• contractile vacuole- pumps excess water out of
  cell

56
Alternation of Generation- stages in the life
cycle change in form and number of chromosomes

• Gametophyte- haploid stage (n) having only half
  the chromosome number
• Sporophyte- stage where the organism has the full
  chromosome number ( 2n )
• thallus- a plant-like stage where algae have
  cells that grow into a blade, stipe,
• holdfast, and float