Totalitarianism

1
Totalitarianism

• Totalitarian Dictators
• Mussolini Hitler Stalin

2
What is a dictator?

• Seizes control of a government without getting
  control through inheritance or free election.

3
Italy

• Post World War I
• High unemployment and economic problems.
• Current government Constitutional Monarchy
• Could not respond to countrys problems.

4
Benito Mussolini

• Italian nationalist
• Nickname Il Duce
• Means the leader
• Fought in World War I
• Developed a response to troubles in Italy
• Created Fascist Party political party
• Doctrine fascism

5

• Symbol Bundle of rods bound tightly around an
  ax that symbolized government authority.

6
FASCISM vs COMMUNISM

• Communism
• Society without social classes
• Community property shared
• Appealed to working or lower classes

• Fascism
• Appealed to upper and middle class
• Attempt to preserve the social classes
• Own private property

• Common agreements
• Control people through force and censorship
• Opposed democracy

7
Mussolinis Rise to Power

• Prime Minister under Victor Emmanuel II
• Black Shirts suppress communist ideas
• Spread national pride.
• Intimidate voters, drive officials from office
• Violent group beat tortured and at times killed
• Motto Me no Frego
• I dont give a damn

8
Sons of the Wolf

• Organization that taught young children fascist
  ideas
• Males between ages of 8 and 21.
• Estimated enrollment at height 1.2 million.
• Why was this an effective approach to gaining
  support for Fascist ideas?

9
Germany

• Post World War I
• High unemployment
• Inflation soared
• Why? Reparations

• 1919 Kaiser Abdicates
• Weimar Republic takes over
• Responsible for the signing of the Treaty of
  Versailles
• Humiliating penalties.

10
Beer Hall Putsch (Munich)

• Leader Adolf Hitler
• Attempts to show weaknesses in the government.
• Nazi Party created
• Nationalistic
• Anti-Semitic
• Anti-Communist

11
Results of Beer Hall Putsch

• Hitler jailed
• Wrote Mein Kampf in prision.
• Means my struggle

• Mein Kampf
• Nazi movement spirit
• Outlined plan for racial purity
• Elimination of the Jews

12
Results of Mein Kampf

• Active discrimination against Jews.
• Emotional Speeches
• Promised to repeal Treaty of Versailles.
• Restore Germanys military power.
• Recover lost territory and build a greater
  Germany.

13
Nazi Party

• Germans were a master race, all others were
  inferior.
• 1925 25,000 members
• 1929 180,000 members

14
Adolf Hitler

• Born illegitimately to Catholic parents in
  Austria.
• Second marriage for father.
• Fathers 2nd cousin. (presumably)
• Original last name Schlicklgruber
• Grandmother allegedly ¼ Jewish.
• Failed high school and dropped out at 16
• no desire to work
• Wanted to become a painter.

15
Watercolor by Adolf Hitler - 1919
16
Adolf Hitler

• 1933 Dictator of Germany
• Nickname Der Fuhrer
• Means the leader
• Created Secret Police
• Gestapo
• Forced Jews to live in Ghettos
• Wear the star of David
• Persecution through Concentration camps.

17
Germanys Former Glory

• 1st Reich Holy Roman Empire
• 2nd Reich- Hohenzolleran Empire
• 3rd Reich Nazi Regime

18
Rome-Berlin Axis

• 1936 Alliance
• Mussolini and Hitler
• Violation of the Treaty of Versailles

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Hitler YouthSociety of German Maidens

• Both groups taught students Nazi beliefs
• Hitler Youth boys
• Nazi boy scouts
• Society of German Maidens girls
• Home economics

20
Communist Russia

• Vladmir Lenin (1917-1924)
• Accomplishments
• Collective farming farmers sharing farms and
  equipment.
• Downfalls
• High Divorce rate
• Education was emphasized but funding was low.
• Lenin dies in 1924

21
Whos in Power?

• Joseph Stalin
• Secretary for Communist Party
• Belief socialism will succeed and spread to all
  countries.

• Leoon Trotsky
• War Minister
• Developed Red Army Belief all workers of the
  world unite.

• Stalin wins!
• Trotsky sent into exile in Mexico
• Killed by an assassin sent by Stalin.

22
Joseph Stalin

• Rule by fear!
• Obey Communist Party or face imprisionment or
  death
• Secret Police
• Cheka or KGB
• Comintern
• Communist International
• Organization to spread communist ideas throughout
  world.

23
Attempted Assassination

• 1934 Attempt on Stalins life
• RESPONSE
• Large scale purge or liquidation of people
• Stalin became paranoid
• By 1939
• 5 million executed for disloyalty.
• Sent to gulags brutal death camps in Siberia.
• Politburo
• Created by Stalin
• Political bureau of the communist party.

24
Essay

• Describe the similarities and differences between
  Mussolinis Italy, Hitlers Germany and Stalins
  Russia.
• Essay must be typed.
• Five points awarded for students who write and
  turn the essay in tomorrow before the test.
• The essay will still be graded however for
  content.