The Spanish Civil War Totalitarianism means: Total control

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The Spanish Civil War
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In the 1930s the world faced a world wide great
depression
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There was poverty and unrest. Many felt that a
communist government might hold answers to
relieve the misery
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Others turn to fascist dictators.
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Both Communist governments and Fascist
governments practiced TOTALITARIANISM.
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Totalitarianism means Total control.

• Control over peoples lives
• Control over what they read
• Control over where they work
• Control over political process
• Control over businesses.

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In Germany and Italy, people gave up their
personal freedoms for the economic prosperity and
national glory that Hitler and Mussolini offered
them.
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In Russia, Stalin was forcing the Communist
system on the people. When the farmers of the
Ukraine rebelled, he starved them to death.
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The Ukrainian famine cost millions of lives.
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Other countries were affected by the unrestin
the United States, thousands joined the communist
party.
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In Spain, the government would face a test when
force on the right who were anti-communist,
would face those on the left.
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This clash became a civil war, which cost Spain
billions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of
lives.
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The war should have ended early onbut outside
dictators sent support. Who were those
dictators?
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Yes. Hitler and Mussolini supported the right,
and Stalin supported the left.
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For these dictators, it was an opportunity to
test their weapons, including tanks and planes,
and see how they worked.
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Many other nations wanted to fight for the two
sidessome Americans included--but all came
unofficially to support the side that they
believed was right.
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The side on the right were called NATIONALISTS
and the side on the left were called REPUBLICANS
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Those who were on the left were also against the
power of the Catholic church. As a result,
thousands of nuns and priests were slaughtered.
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Hitler sent his famous Condor Legion. This was
a group of skilled pilots with new planes that
were skilled at dive bombing..
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They bombed the city of Guernica and slaughtered
the inhabitants. Women and children were killed.
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A group of women and children. They were lifted
high into the air, maybe 20 feet or so, and they
started to break up. Legs, arms, heads, and bits
and pieces flying everywhere.
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Pablo Picasso, a Spanish painter, chose to use
this bombing of the town as the theme for a very
large painting.
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The painting is almost the size of one wall of
your classroom. It is done in black, grey, and
white.
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The images are startling. Picasso tried to be
secretive about the paintings meaningbut we
have clues about why he included certain drawings.
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He had made drawings earlier where he did explain
their meanings
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Guernica took months to paint. It was displayed
in Paris. Lets take a look at some of the
symbolism
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The Bull in the painting is a symbol of Spain.
The bull observes the destruction in front of
him.
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The fallen warrior is from the legend of
Parsifalwhose sword breaks in half at the
crucial moment of battle.
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The fallen warrior is also laid out in a crucifix
position
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The slashes on the horse are representative of
newsprintthe newspaper that lists those who have
died.
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The light in the middle of the painting may mean
violence
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There are terrible imagesa woman holding a dead
child.
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A person burning in a fire
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Some say that Picasso painting an open door so
that he could escape from the violence.
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Guernica has come to be one of the most famous
paintings of our modern age--
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The Spanish Civil War ended when the National
troops won. Hitler and Mussolini began to work
closer together as dictators.
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Mussolini allowed Hitler to move into Austria
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Two years later, World War II began when Hitler
attacked Poland.
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But Spain did not join with Hitlers Germany,
even though Hitler had helped the national troops
in their Spanish Civil War.
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The leader of Spain, Franco, insisted that Spain
remain independent and neutral
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So Spain did not go through the devastation of
World War IIFranco died in 1975.
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Anwhat about Guernicawell, after it was showed
in Paris, it was seen in other places, then it
was sent to New York City, where it remained. BUT
IT WAS NOT RETURNED TO SPAIN!!
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Picasso said it should only return to Spain when
Franco died. When Franco died, the canvas was
rolled up and sent back to Spain.
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In 1981, Guernica was finally sent back to Spain.
There it can be seen todaya masterpiece of
modern painting.
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The image is still used today to protest war and
the destruction that war brings