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Title: Mechatronics in University


1
2006 ASEE New England Section ConferenceMechatro
nicsin University and Professional Education
  • Prof. Kevin Craig
  • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

2
Technology Strategy Question
How can Samsung continue to lead the world in
industries where electronics, computers, and
control systems are integral parts of the overall
system and reliability, low cost, and robustness
are absolutely essential ?
3
University Strategy Question
How can Rensselaer lead in educating students for
the practice of engineering in a world where
electronics, computers, and control systems are
integral parts of the overall engineering system
and a multi-disciplinary, systems approach to
engineering analysis and design is absolutely
essential ?
4
Two Elements to the Answer
  • Learning what the practicing engineer needs the
    knowledge, the skills, the tools to effectively
    solve 21st-century engineering problems. This is
    accomplished through industrial interaction.
  • Incorporating the mechatronics approach to
    engineering analysis and design throughout the
    engineering curriculum.

5
Industrial Interaction M.S. and Ph.D. Research,
Training Practicing Engineers, Consulting
Shapes
Engineering Curriculum
Freshman Year To Senior Year
6
Current Situation
  • Electronics, Microcontrollers, Precision Sensors
    Actuators Are Everywhere!
  • With the explosively increasing
    cost/size-effectiveness of computers, mechatronic
    systems are becoming common in any engineering
    discipline dealing with the modulation of
    physical power.
  • In mechatronic systems, computing is central.

7
  • The past few years have seen mechatronics have an
    increasing impact on engineering and engineering
    education as a defining approach to the design,
    development, and operation of an increasingly
    wide range of engineering systems.
  • In addition, mechatronics is now recognized as
    involving not only the technical aspects of its
    core disciplines mechanical, electronics,
    controls, computers but also aspects of
    organization, training, and management.

8
What is Mechatronics?
Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of
mechanical engineering, electronics, controls
engineering, and computers, all integrated
through the design process. It involves the
application of complex decision making to the
operation of physical systems. Mechatronic
systems depend for their unique functionality on
computer software.
9
The Design Challenge
  • The cost-effective incorporation of electronics,
    computers, and control elements in a system to
    achieve high performance, robustness, and
    reliability requires a new approach to design.
  • The modern engineer must draw on the synergy of
  • Mechatronics

10
Difficulties in Mechatronic Design
  • Requires System Perspective
  • System Interactions Are Important
  • Requires System Modeling
  • Control Systems Go Unstable
  • The Realm of Mechatronics
  • High Speed, High Precision, High Efficiency
  • Highly Robust
  • Micro-Miniature

11
Mechatronic Design Concepts
  • Direct-Drive Mechanisms
  • Simple Mechanics
  • System Complexity
  • Accuracy and Speed from Controls
  • Efficiency and Reliability from Electronics
  • Functionality from Microcomputers

Think System !
12
Is Mechatronics New?
  • Mechatronics is simply the application of the
    latest, cost-effective technology in the areas of
    computers, electronics, controls, and mechanical
    systems to the design process to create more
    functional and adaptable products.
  • Just Good Design Practice!
  • Many Forward-Thinking Designers and Engineers
    have been doing this for years!

13
There Is Something New Here!
  • Mechatronics encompasses the knowledge base and
    the technologies required for the flexible
    generation of controlled motion.
  • Mechatronics demands horizontal integration among
    the various disciplines as well as vertical
    integration between design and manufacturing.
  • Mechatronics is a significant design trend an
    evolutionary development a mixture of
    technologies and techniques that together help in
    designing better products.

14
  • Mechatronics is having a profound influence on
    the way all mechanical engineers are now expected
    to design.
  • And on the way professors must now teach design!

Mechatronics has gained industrial and academic
acceptance worldwide as a field of study and
practice.
15
The WHY of Mechatronics?
  • In an increasingly competitive and global market,
    companies need to have the ability to increase
    the competitiveness of their products through the
    use of technology and must be able to respond
    rapidly and effectively to changes in the market
    place.
  • Mechatronic strategies have been shown to support
    and enable the development of new products and
    markets, as well as through enhancing existing
    products, while responding to the introduction of
    new product lines by a competitor.

16
  • However, whatever the level of technology, the
    motivation for the adoption by a company of a
    mechatronic approach to product development and
    manufacturing must be one of providing the
    company with a strategic and commercial advantage
    either through the development of new and novel
    products, through the enhancement of existing
    products, by gaining access to new markets, or
    some combination of these factors.

17
The HOW of Mechatronics?
  • The achievement of a successful mechatronics
    design environment essentially depends on the
    ability of the design team to communicate,
    collaborate, and integrate.
  • Indeed, a major role of the mechatronics engineer
    is often that of acting to bridge the
    communications gaps that can exist between more
    specialized colleagues in order to ensure that
    the objectives of collaboration and integration
    are achieved.

18
  • This is important during the design phases of
    product development and particularly so in
    relation to requirements definition where errors
    in interpretation of customer requirements can
    result in significant cost penalties.

19
Balance The Key to Success
Experimental Validation Hardware Implementation
Modeling, Analysis, Controls
The Mechatronic Design Process
Computer Simulation Without Experimental
Verification Is At Best Questionable, And At
Worst Useless!
20
Engineering System Investigation Process The
cornerstone of modern engineering practice
21
ModelingPhysical and Mathematical
Less Real, Less Complex, More Easily Solved
Truth Model
Design Model
More Real, More Complex, Less Easily Solved
Hierarchy Of Models Always Ask Why Am I Modeling?
22
Mechatronic System Elements (all energetically
isolated)
Real-time software is at the heart!
23
Design Control Integration
  • Traditionally, plant design and control system
    design have been separate activities.
  • Control system design normally has not been
    initiated until after the plant design is well
    underway and major pieces of equipment have been
    ordered.
  • Serious Limitations to this approach! The plant
    design determines the plant dynamic
    characteristics as well as the operability of the
    plant.

24
  • Dynamics and Control Issues need to be considered
    early in the plant design.
  • This is most important for modern plants which
    tend to have a larger degree of material and
    energy integration and tighter performance
    specifications.

Plant Design
Plant Dynamics Control Structure
25
What Deficiencies Do Professional Engineers Have?
  • Control Design and Implementation are still the
    domain of the specialist.
  • Controls and Electronics are still viewed as
    afterthought add-ons.
  • Few engineers perform any kind of modeling.
  • Mathematics is a subject not viewed as enhancing
    ones engineering skills but as an obstacle to
    avoid.
  • Few engineers can balance the modeling / analysis
    / control design and hardware implementation
    essential for success.

26
Engineering Problem
Systematic, Structured Approach to Design
Electronics
Computers
Integrated Design Concept
Sensors
Actuators
Controls
Mechanical
Build Test
Model, Analyze Predict
NO!
YES!
?
Cost-Effective, High-Quality, Timely, Robust
Design
27
Professional Engineering WorkshopsHas This
Approach Been Successful?
  • YES! For organizations who need their engineers
    to
  • Design with synergy and integration
  • Balance modeling / analysis / control with
    hardware implementation
  • Past Successful, Highly-Rated Workshops

Xerox (4) Pitney Bowes NASA KSFC Langley ASME
(12)
Procter Gamble (4) Dana (2) U.S. Army
ARDEC Plug Power Fuel Cells
28
University Education
  • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
  • Fall Semester Mechatronics
  • Mechatronics at a theoretical and practical
    level balance between theory/analysis and
    hardware implementation is emphasized emphasis
    is placed on physical understanding rather than
    on mathematical formalities.
  • A case-study, problem-solving approach, with
    hardware demonstrations, either on video or in
    class, and hardware lab exercises, is used
    throughout the course with LabVIEW MatLab.
  • This course covers mechatronic system design,
    modeling and analysis of dynamic physical
    systems, control sensors and actuators, analog
    and digital control electronics, continuous
    controller design and digital implementation,
    interfacing sensors and actuators to a
    microcomputer/microcontroller, and real-time
    programming for control.

29
Stepper Motor System Design Ink-Jet Printer
Application
Stepper Motor Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Control
Experimental System
Engineering Application
30
Pneumatic System Closed-Loop Position Control
Brushed DC Motor Position and Speed Control
with Magneto-Rheological Fluid Rotary
Brake/Damper System
31
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32
  • Spring Semester Mechatronic System Design
  • Students work in teams to put it all together and
    make it happen in one semester!
  • Past and Present Projects
  • Rotary and Arm-Driven Inverted Pendulum
  • Ball-on-Plate Balancing System
  • Balancing Robot and Segway-like Human Transporter
  • Automobile Traction-Control Testbed
  • Inverted Wedge Balancing System
  • Hybrid Hydraulic / Pneumatic Positioning System

33
Mechatronic System Design
Ball-on-Plate Balancing System
Rotary Inverted Pendulum System
Arm-on-Arm Inverted Pendulum System
34
Foundations of Engineering
35
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36
Steel Cantilever Beam
Cantilever Beam Mechanical System
Eddy-Current Damper
Strain Gage
Accelerometer
Vibration Exciter
MEMS Accelerometer
Hard-Drive Read-Write Head
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