The Torino history and in the history

1
The Torino history and in the history
2
first news

• It is known, from Greek an Latin historians, that
  our land was populated by Taurini since VI-III
  century BC
• the name come from Taur or Thor, i.e. mountain in
  celtic language, not from taurus bull (the
  symbol of Torino)
• taurini means populations of the mountains,
  migrating from a Drava region in VI-III century
  a.C. in our region, already populated by
  Ligurians, the autochthonal populations

3
about the town of Taurasia

• a town located at the confluence of Dora and Po
  river was cited by Appiano da Alessandria (ca 95
  161 AC) in the Storia Annibalica as
  Taurasia
• during the II punic war, 218-201 BC, Hannibal
  cross the alps with 37 elephants and took
  Taurasia after three days of siege
• the romans were very grateful to taurini because
  they leave time to reorganize
• but just for short time ....

4
romans brings theroman pax

• when Rome decide the invasion of the Gallia, our
  region become a military region, crossed by an
  important road between Rome and the Gallia

• Julius Caesar founded a roman castrum on year 27
  AC
• the castrum was called Augusta Taurinorum in
  honour of emperor Ottaviano Augusto
• the structure of the castrum, with the road
  crossing at 90 degree, is still a typical
  characteristic of Torino

Roman theater and Porte Palatine
5
romans expansion and the medium age

• the two main road of the camp arestill there
  the decumana maximusis the Via Garibaldi and
  thePorta Pretoria is on theback of Palazzo
  Madama.The cardo maximus isthe present Via S.
  Tommaso
• the medium age was a black period forour region,
  just the border between Francs and Longobards
  kingdoms.
• Piedmont was a land of battles whith a consequent
  great economical depression

Augusta Taurinorum map
6
The Savoia dukes and kings

• the influence of Savoia familywas very big in
  Piedmont andin Italy
• the first citation of a Savoia member in the
  history was the Count Oddone Moriana-Savoia,
  husband of Adelaide, marquess of Piemont in 1046
• The Savoia was a fighting dynasty, for 900 years
  they try to expand in every directions but the
  France directions was very hard, the Italy
  direction was much more easy!
• The Savoia dukedom upgrade to kingdom of Sardinia
  in 1713 (Utrecht treaty) and kings of Italy in
  1861 with the king Vittorio Emanuele II

7
Torino, the capital of Italian kingdom

• the Kingdom of Italy was declared by the first
  Italian Parlamant in Torino on March 17, 1861
• Torino was the capital of kingdom from 1861 to
  1864, when the capital was moved to Florence and
  Rome, consequence of agreement between France and
  Piedmont
• great change and shock in the economy of the
  town. Thousands of working positions in the
  administration of the kingdom was lost. Popular
  inssurections with hundreds of people dead.
• to compensate the economical crack of Torino, a
  new Science town, including our Physics
  Institute, was created on 1884

Palazzo Carignano
8
Torino and the science

• the first italian public Universitywas created
  in Bologna on 1088,
• the knowledge before was appanage ofChurch, the
  teaching was done on monastery and bishop's
  palaces
• the second University was created in Padua on
  1222 from rebels students and professors coming
  from Bologna
• the third University was created in Vercelli on
  1228 from Padua, with 3 faculties (theology,
  jurisprudence and medicine) and 14 professors (1
  theologist, 3 jurist, 4 decretisti (???), 2
  physicians, 2 dialectics, 2 literacy), payed by
  the students and a contribution by the commune
  for 500 lodging places
• the word laurea come from laurel wreath
  (coronadalloro), dressed by the students at the
  end studies

9
more on science

• the Vercelli University was closedon 1361 and
  moved to Pavia
• a new University was open on 1404 in Torino
• the società scientifica, created on 1757 by
  Angelo Saluzzo di Monesiglio, Giovanni Cigna e
  Luigi De La Grangia became Accademia delle
  Scienze on 1783

• a new scientific city created on 1884.
  Investement on Research. The base for the
  beginning of industrialization in Piemont (Fiat
  )

10
outstanding people of Torino

• Joseph-Louis Lagrange, author ofMecanique
  Analytique, born in Torino on 1736
• Erasmus of Rotterdam, got the laureain Torino on
  1506

• Amedeo Avogadro di Quaregna founderof atomic
  theory, born in Torino on 1776
• Ascanio Sobrero, discovery of nitroclycerine,
  trasformed in dynamith by Alfred Nobel
• Galileo Ferraris, discovery of the rotating
  magnetic field, the base of electrical motor
• three Nobel prize in medicine Salvatore Lauria
  (1969), Renato Dulbecco (1975), Rita
  Levi-Montalcini (1986)?

11
innovations and innovators of Torino

• first electronic calculator, the perottina
  (1964)?
• Giovanni Agnelli, FIAT cars
• Italian movies Studios, since end of 1800
• first TV trasmission in Italy
• first machine for industrial chocolate
  production(Doret-Caffarel 1778)?
• Carpano, Martini and Cinzano Vermouth (P.zza
  Castello, 1786)?
• first Magnum like ice-cream, ice cream on a
  stickcovered by chocolate (Gelati Pepino, Via
  Po, 1928)?
• first Sprite, lemonade with CO2 gas, called
  gassosa (Caffè Guelpa, C.so Vittorio 58, 1833)?

12
Torino, science and more

• conclusion
• Torino is an old town with many hystorical
  places, important museum and a nice and pleasant
  center
• suggestions
• take your time to walk around
• try to drink capuccino and marocchino
  (everywhere), bicerin (caffè della Consolata)?
• enjoy the aperitivo in any of the hystorical
  coffee shop downtown (Baratti MIlano,
  Mulassano, Caffè Torino)
• PAY THE MAXIMUM ATTENTION OF PICKPOKET AND TAKE
  CARE OF YOUR WALLET ON THE BUS AND TRAM

13
IWHSS08

• finally, in the remainig time, enjoy our workshop!