Protestantism

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Protestantism
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Indulgences

• Catholic Church teaches that the work of
  cleansing or sanctification does not have to be
  done entirely by a person directly concerned
  since all Christians living and dead, are united
  as a single body
• In recognition of sanctifying works, Church
  officials can grant relief (indulgences) from the
  temporal punishment due because of sins for the
  living and the dead

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The Spark for a Revolution

• In 1517, Pope Leo X offered indulgences for those
  who gave alms to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in
  Rome
• The aggressive marketing practices of Johann
  Tetzel in promoting this cause provoked Martin
  Luther to write his Ninety-Five Theses,
  condemning what he saw as the purchase and sale
  of salvation
• In Thesis 28 Luther objected to a saying
  attributed to Tetzel "As soon as a coin in the
  coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs".

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The Sale of Indulgences
The sale of indulgences shown in A Question to a
Mintmaker, woodcut by Jörg Breu the Elder of
Augsburg, circa 1530
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St. Peters Basilica
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4 Core Protestant Beliefs

• Salvation by faith through graceSola
  FidesLuther inspired by Biblical claim For by
  grace you have been saved through faith, and that
  not of yourselves (Eph. 28-9)
• Bible is supreme authoritySola Scriptura
• priesthood of all believersno intercession by
  clergy needed to achieve salvation
• Semper Reformandaalways reformingcentral ideal
  of Churches founded by John Calvin
• Independent churches believed in complete
  separation of Church State and were persecuted
  for this stance, eg. the Pilgrim founders of
  the US

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Organization

• Anglican Lutheran Churches have episcopal forms
  of government (Priests Bishops) like Catholic
  and Orthodox Churches
• Presbyterian Churches founded by John Calvin
  (eg. Church of Scotland, Holland, Switzerland)
  are governed by elders (presbyters) based on
  Titus 15 The reason I left you in Crete was to
  set in order the remaining matters and to appoint
  elders in every town, as I directed you.
• Independent churches are congregational in
  organization, with only loose connections to
  national international bodies
• Anglicans and Lutherans have priests, but they
  are also called ministers and most protestants
  use the terms minister or pastor to refer to
  their religious leaders
• When in doubt better to use member of the
  clergy or clergyperson to refer to religious
  leaders

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Sacraments

• Only 2 sacraments for most protestant churches
• Communion (aka Eucharist, Lords Supper)
• Baptism
• Communion Lutherans (Luther) and Anglicans
  reject Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation,
  but see it as Christs real presence,
  Presbyterians (Calvin) see it as a spiritual
  presence, Independents see it as a simple
  memorial (Ulrich Zwingli)
• Most Independent Churches (Baptists, Mennonites)
  practice adult baptism or believers baptism
  (Conrad Grebel), so emergency infant baptisms are
  not required

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Distinctive Rituals

• Anglicans, like Catholics, practice a last
  anointing of the dying
• Jehovahs Witnesses dont celebrate birthdays,
  baptism, Christmas or Eucharist, Sabbath is
  Saturday
• Quakers and Mennonites are pacifists based on
  you shall love your enemies (Matthew 543)
• Pentecostals speak in tongues during services
  they shall speak with new tongues (Mark 1617).
• Adventists and Mormons have dietary restrictions,
  including refraining from alcohol drunkenness,
  carousing, and things like these. I am warning
  you, as I warned you before those who do such
  things will not inherit the kingdom of God (Gal
  521)

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Speaking in Tongues

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vNZbQBajYnEc

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4 Main Branches of Protestantism

• Lutheranism (Churches organized by followers of
  Martin Luther)
• Reformed Church/Presbyterian (Churches organized
  by followers of John Calvin)
• Independents (non-established or
  non-conformist denominations)
• Anglicanism (call themselves the via media
  since the Anglican Church maintained much of the
  Catholic structure and theologyabandoning only
  Papal authority)

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Which Church is The Church? The Major Christian
Denominations in Canada

• Catholics Roman rite, Ukrainian rite, etc.
• Orthodox Russian, Greek, Serbian, Coptic,
  Armenian
• Established Churches (protestant denominations
  that were Churches of state) Anglican (England),
  Lutheran (Germany and Scandinavia), Presbyterian
  (Church of Scotland, Dutch Reformed Church)
• Independents (non-established protestant
  denominations) Baptists, Salvation Army, 7th Day
  Adventist, Pentecostal, Mennonites

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Bioethical Issues

• Most protestant denominations teach that life
  begins at conception and that abortion should
  only be practiced after intense ethical scrutiny
  by parents
• Most promote organ donation, but leave the
  decision to individuals
• Based on reading of Biblical references in the
  Hebrew scriptures referring to the Jewish
  practice of abstaining from blood (Acts 1529),
  Jehovahs Witnesses do not accept blood
  transfusions
• Mormons don't drink coffee (because of Caffeine
  content)