Protestantism

1
Protestantisms Spread The Catholic Response

• SS.A.3.4.2 SS.B.1.4.4 SS.B.2.4.1

2
The Zwinglian Reformation

• Ulrich Zwingli, priest from Zurich, convinces the
  city council to reform churches in Zurich
• Abolishes relics and images in churches
• Paintings removed, replaces with all white walls
• Catholic mass replaces by scripture reading,
  prayer and sermons
• Attempt to unite with Lutherans in Germany fails,
  because sides cannot agree on importance of
  Communion

3
John Calvin Calvinism

• War between Catholic and Protestant Swiss results
  in Zwinglis death
• John Calvinnew leader of Swiss reforms
• French, but forced to live in Switzerland after
  he converts to Protestantism
• Writes Institutes of the Christian Religion
• Shared many beliefs with Lutherans
• Calvin also believed in predestination
• Belief that God has already chosen the saved
• Calvinists believe they always do Gods work

4
Calvin In Geneva

• 1536 Calvin attempts to reform Geneva
• Establishes new government based on church
• Consistory established as court to punish those
  who dont follow church teaching
• Geneva becomes a center of Protestantism
• 1550 Calvinism more influential than
  Lutheranism spreads to parts of France, the
  Netherlands, and Eastern Europe

5
The English Reformation

• King Henry VIII of England wants an annulment, so
  he can marry another woman
• First wife, Catherine of Aragon, births a girl
• Henry wants to marry Anne B., wants a son
• Asks pope for divorceFAIL
• Asks Archbishop of CanterburyFTW
• 1534 Parliament splits from Catholic Church with
  Act of Supremacy
• Henry stays close to Catholic teaching, son
  Edward VIs priests like Protestantism
• Henry and Catherines daughter Bloody Mary
  tries to bring England back to Pope, fails

6
The Anabaptists

• Disliked state control of church like Luther and
  Calvin established
• Anabaptists faith should be by adults who choose
  a spiritual rebirth, and are baptized
• Adult baptism was a new idea, different than
  those held by Catholics and Protestants
• Separation of church and stateimportant
• Ministers elected by people, from the community
  since all Christians are equal (but not women)
• Did not believe in war or holding political
  office
• Catholics Protestants persecuted Anabaptists

7
The Protestant Family

• Protestants do not think celibacy a special
  holiness
• Monasticism celibacy for clergy abolished
• Protestants believed in equality between man and
  woman
• But in practice, men were still dominant, and
  women were expected to be obedient
• Main role of womenbare children
• Reformation did little for womens rights

8
Jesuits The Catholic Reformation

• Mid-1500s Protestantism is spreading
• Catholic Church begins to reform itself
• Jesuits, papacy reformed, Council of Trent
• Jesuits The Society of Jesus was a religious
  order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
• Swear loyalty to pope, used education as tool
• Reestablish Catholicism to eastern Europe and
  parts of Germany, Asia, Americas Africa
• Popes were no longer allowed to play an active
  role in politics, and military affairs

9
Council of Trent

• Pope Paul III sees need for change, appoints
  Reform Commission in 1537
• Commission blames problems on popes abuses of
  power, politics and wealth
• 1545 Pope, bishops, theologians, abbots and
  cardinals meet to discuss Catholic faith
• Upholds faith and good works needed for
  salvation, clerical celibacy, purgatory,
  sacraments, Eucharist
• Sale of indulgences is forbidden