Imperialism

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Imperialism

• India

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India

• Throughout history India had always been a
  trading post which traders and merchants could
  obtain
• Tea, sugar, silk, salt, jute (fiber used for
  ropes)
• It was a great source of raw materials
• India also had a large population and consumers
  who wanted manufactured products

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The British in India

• In the 1600s the British East India Company sets
  up trading post in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta.
• The company was privately owned and was
  responsible to increase the profits to its
  stockholders.
• The company saw India as having a wealth of
  natural resources and a large market to sell
  goods.
• The British East India Company had exclusive
  trade rights in India

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The British in India

• France still owned part of India and the 1750s
• During the French and Indian War (Seven Year War)
  Robert Clive an employee of the company helped
  drive the French out of India.
• These private British troops now ran India
• The British East India Co. now had exclusive
  rights to trade and all the natural resources
  they wanted.

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The British in India

• By the mid 1800s century the Mughal Empire of
  India was in decline.
• The rulers of India could not control the
  British.
• By the 1850 Britain controlled 3/5 of India.

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The British in India

• Britains empire extended around the world and
  with control over India the sun never set on the
  British Empire
• India was also known as the Jewel in the Crown
• India was seen as the most valuable of Britains
  colonies.

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The British in India

• Raw Goods supplied by India.
• Plantation crops
• Tea
• Indigo
• Coffee
• Cotton
• Narcotics
• Opium

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The British in India

• Opium Trade
• The British would ship opium from India to China.
• The opium would then be traded to the Chinese for
  tea.
• The tea would be sold in England.

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The British in India

• The Industrial Revolution turned Britain into the
  worlds workshop.
• India was the major supplier of raw materials for
  Britain.
• India also had 300 million people. A large
  market for British goods.

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The British in India

• Results of Colonialism
• Britain only allowed India to produce raw goods
  and only buy British manufactured goods.
• Indian was not allowed to compete with British
  finished goods.
• Indian cloth makers all but went out of business.

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The British in India

• Positives
• India gained a vast railway system
• Telephone, telegraph lines
• Bridges, dams, and canals
• Schools and colleges
• Ended local warfare

• Negatives
• British held most of the political and economic
  control of India.
• The British restricted industries from producing
  manufactured goods.
• Cash crops reduced farm production and increased
  starvation in India.
• British customs and religion threatened Indias
  customs.

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The British in India

• The Sepoy Mutiny
• The British used Sepoys, Indian soldiers
  assigned to the British Army.
• The Sepoys were Hindu and Muslim
• Both the Hindu and Muslims of India felt that the
  British were trying to convert them to
  Christianity.

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The British in India

• Muslim do not eat pork
• Hindu do not eat beef.
• The rumor was that the cartridges that the Sepoy
  had to use for their guns were covered by a beef
  and pork seal.
• The seal had to be bitten and the cartridge
  removed before it could be placed in the gun.
• The Sepoy refused to use the cartridge and the
  British jailed the soldiers.
• The Sepoy believed that the British covered the
  cartridges in pork and beef on purpose.

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The British in India

• The Sepoy rebelled against the British.
• The fighting between the British and the Sepoy
  lasted about a year.
• The British Army finally put down the mutiny.
• The British Army took control of India away from
  the East India Company.

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The British in India

• The direct British rule of India was called the
  Raj and lasted from 1757 to 1947
• British soldiers and politicians held control
  over millions of Indians.
• Policy for India came directly from Britain.
• The mutiny caused distrust between the British
  and Indians.

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Results of the British Take Over

• India became the model colony not only for
  Britain but for the rest of the world
• The upper castes were forced to learn English and
  to respect English law
• Christainity was spread throughout India
• Urban centers grew in India and Indians were
  influenced by British government (Parliamentary)
• Education was brought to all the upper castes
• The British tried to end the untouchable caste

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Results of the British Take Over

• The British take over resulted in the loss of
  Indian culture
• Indians were forced to accept British customs
  while trying to hold on to their own traditions
• In 1885 The Indian National Congress, made up of
  well educated Hindus, wanted to gain independence
  for India