The Muslim World

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QUIT
The Muslim World Expands, 13001700
Chapter Overview
Time Line
The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
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SECTION
MAP
Patterns of Change Cultural Blending
2
SECTION
The Mughals Establish an Empire in India
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SECTION
GRAPH
Visual Summary
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The Muslim World Expands, 13001700
Between the 14th and the 16th centuries, three
powerful Islamic empires emerge between India and
the Balkans. The Ottomans of Turkey, the Safavids
of Persia, and the Mughals of India successfully
deal with ethnic, cultural, and religious
diversity, but eventually fall prey to internal
corruption and external pressure.
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The Muslim World Expands, 13001700
Time Line
1300 Osman founds Ottoman state.
1453 Ottomans capture Constantinople.
1631 Shah Jahan orders construction of Taj Mahal.
1526 Babur founds Mughal Empire.
1587 Shah Abbas rules Safavid Empire.
1398 Timur the Lame destroys Delhi.
1501 Safavids conquer Persia.
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The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
MAP
Key Idea
Turkish religious warriors along the Byzantine
frontier capture Constantinople and build an
enduring empire. Their realm combines elements
from many cultures and religions and eventually
stretches from the Balkans to North Africa and
Persia.
Overview
Assessment
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The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
MAP
Overview
ghazi Osman Timur the Lame Mehmet II
Suleiman the Lawgiver janissary
devshirme
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Ottomans established a Muslim empire that
combined many cultures and lasted for more than
600 years.
Many modern societiesfrom Algeria to the Balkan
countrieshad their origins under Ottoman rule.
Assessment
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The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
MAP
1. List the main rulers of the Ottoman Empire and
their chief accomplishments.
Osman
Establishes Ottoman state
Murad II
Expands empire
Mehmet II
Conquers Constantinople
Selim the Grim
Defeats Safavids and captures Islamic holy cities
Suleiman I
Unifies and expands empire
Selim II
Loses the Battle of Lepanto
continued . . .
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The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
MAP
1
Section
Assessment
2. Do you think that the Ottomans were wise in
staffing their military and government with
slaves? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
the loyalty of slaves to the sultan
the training slaves received
others who might have served in the government
ANSWER
YesSlaves received excellent education and
training and had the chance to rise to high
positions they were loyal to the sultan.
NoSlaves were forcibly taken from their homes
and would be alert for opportunities to rebel or
escape from the palace.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
MAP
1
Section
Assessment
3. Do you think that Suleimans religious
tolerance helped or hurt the Ottoman Empire?
Explain. THINK ABOUT
Suleimans treatment of non-Muslims
the effect on the individual religious groups
the long-term effect on the empire as a whole
ANSWER
Helpedkept people of various religions
happy Hurtdid not encourage people to think of
themselves as part of one Ottoman nation
Possible Responses
End of Section 1
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Cultural Blending
CASE STUDY The Safavid Empire
Key Idea
Interactions among diverse people in the Islamic
world give rise to a new cultural mix. The
Safavids draw on Shia religious ideology,
ancient Persian traditions, and Ottoman political
ideas to forge a new Persian culture.
Overview
Assessment
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Cultural Blending
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CASE STUDY The Safavid Empire
Overview
Safavid Ismail Shah Abbas Isfahan
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Many world cultures incorporate influences from
various peoples and traditions.
Modern Iran, which plays a key role in global
politics, is descended from the culturally
diverse Safavid Empire.
Assessment
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Cultural Blending
CASE STUDY The Safavid Empire
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Identify the events that enabled the
Safavids to build a powerful empire.
Shiism becomes state religion.
Ismail builds a powerful army.
Ismail expands the empire.
Trade, industry, and art flourish.
Shah Abbas reforms military, society, and
government.
continued . . .
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Cultural Blending
CASE STUDY The Safavid Empire
2
Section
Assessment
2. Within a century after the Safavids adopted
Shia Islam, their leader, Ismail, became a
religious tyrant. Why might he have become so
intolerant? THINK ABOUT
the persecution of Safavids by Ottoman Sunni
Muslims
the role of religion in Safavid life
the geographic location of the Safavid Empire
ANSWER
Because the Sunni persecuted Shia, Ismail
wanted to strengthen Shiism and spread it
throughout the empire. He may have believed that
this was the only way to overcome Sunni
opposition in Iran and from the Ottomans.
Possible Response
End of Section 2
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The Mughals Establish an Empire in India
GRAPH
Key Idea
The Mughals, Sunni Muslim Turks from Central
Asia, conquer India and bring together Turks,
Persians, and Indians in a vast empire.
Overview
Assessment
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The Mughals Establish an Empire in India
GRAPH
Overview
Mughal Babur Akbar Jahangir Nur
Jahan Sikh Shah Jahan Taj Mahal
Aurangzeb
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Mughal Empire brought Turks, Persians, and
Indians together in a vast empire.
The legacy of great art and deep social division
left by the Mughal Empire still influences
southern Asia.
Assessment
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The Mughals Establish an Empire in India
GRAPH
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Indicate the effects each leader below
had on the Mughal Empire. Include both positive
and negative effects in your answer.
Babur expanded the empire.
Akbar left a better government and a flowering of
culture.
Jahangir and Nur Jahan sparked religious conflict
with the Sikhs.
Shah Jahan made life difficult for Hindus.
continued . . .
Aurangzeb waged costly wars.
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The Mughals Establish an Empire in India
GRAPH
3
Section
Assessment
2. In what ways was the golden age of Akbar
similar to and different from the flowering of
the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas and of the
Ottoman Empire under Suleiman I? THINK ABOUT
the rulers cultural and military achievements
their tolerance of other cultures
their successors
ANSWER
SimilarGovernmental reform, cultural blending
and flowering, military leadership
DifferentAkbar didnt murder his sons.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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The Mughals Establish an Empire in India
GRAPH
3
Section
Assessment
3. Do you think Shah Jahan made good use of his
power and authority? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
how Shah Jahan came to power
the beautiful buildings he built
conditions in India during his reign
ANSWER
YesShah Jahan kept the empire together and built
magnificent buildings that reflected the empires
glory. NoHe turned his back on his suffering
people while constructing beautiful buildings,
living extravagantly, and pursuing war.
Possible Responses
End of Section 3