Colonial Revolts: T

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Colonial Revolts Túpac Amaru, Túpac Katari, and
the Great Andean Rebellion 1780-1783
History 174AColonial Latin AmericaWeek 11
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Statistics

• 100,000 lives lost
• 8 of population
• 1 out of every 12
• From Colombia to Argentina

Image from Stern, Steve J., ed. Resistance,
Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean
Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries. Madison
University of Wisconsin Press, 1987, p. xv.
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The Andean Rebellions occurred due toa) abuse
by colonial and traditional authoritiesb)
increased economic exploitation due to Bourbon
Reformsc) a messianic belief in the return of
the Incad) racialized animosity against
colonial rulers
PRS Question
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Túpac Amaru II (José Gabriel Condorcanqui)March
10, 1738 May 17, 1781
Images from http//www.biografiasyvidas.com/biogr
afia/t/tupac_amaru.htm Laviana Cuentos, Maria
Luisa. Túpac Amaru. (Seville Editorial Don
Quijote, 1990), p. 11.
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Túpac Amaru I d. September 24, 1572
Image from http//www.periodistas.org/periodista/
Santiago.del.Valle/j-betanzos.htm
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Túpac Amaru IIA sophisticated military leader
Image from Lewin, Boleslao. La rebelión de Túpac
Amaru y los orígenes de la emancipación
americana. (Buenos Aires Libería Hachette,
1957), p. 480.
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Túpac Amaru II Capture and Execution
Image from Laviana Cuentos, Maria Luisa. Túpac
Amaru. (Seville Editorial Don Quijote, 1990), p.
62.
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In groups of 5 discuss Túpac Amarus Edict.What
does it tell us about his motivations and about
his conception of colonial authority?Don José
I by the grace of God, Inca, King of Peru, Santa
Fe, Quito, Chile, Buenos Aires, and the
continents of the southern seas. The Kings of
Castile have usurped my crown and my peoples
dominions for close to three centuries, burdening
my vassals with unbearable levies, tributes,
commutations, customs houses, commercial duties,
monopolies, property taxes, tithes, royal fifths,
viceroys, audiencias, corregidores, and other
ministers, all of them equal in tyranny...
Quotation from Boleslao Lewin. Túpac Amaru su
época, su lucha, su hado (Buenos Aires Siglo
Veinte, 1973), p. 153. Translation by Liz Shesko.
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Retreat towards La Paz
Images from Stern, Steve J., ed. Resistance,
Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean
Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries. Madison
University of Wisconsin Press, 1987, p. xv Liz
Shesko
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Túpac Katari (Julian Apaza)c. 1750 November
15, 1781
Image from www.katari.org/wiphala/bandera.htm
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Túpac KatariProclaimed self Viceroy
Image from Vega, Juan José. Túpac Amaru y sus
compañeros. (Cusco Imprenta Amauta, 1995), p.
123.
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Túpac KatariSix month siege of La Paz
Image by Liz Shesko
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Community of Lurucache, testifying about a local
leaderHe tries to martyr us with whips,
rocks, and clubs beating widows and married women
like men. He encourages his wife, mother and son
to kill us. He takes the bread from out of our
mouths. Regarding the distribution of lands, we
do not know if we have land to work or not.
Whoever has sufficient aguardiente is the owner
of the lands, his accountant is a boy who knows
nothing and treats older men with disrespect. To
remedy this situation, we ask the great favor of
Our Majesty that Don Juan Paulino de Andia be our
cacique and governador in order that he put us
all in peace and quietude and that we may not be
like cats and dogs in one single ayllu.
The Importance of Local Experience
Quotation from Ward Stavig. The World of Túpac
Amaru Conflict, Community, and Identity in
Colonial Peru. (Lincoln University of Nebraska
Press, 1999), pp. 231-32.
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Return of the Inca Myth
Image from Laviana Cuentos, Maria Luisa. Túpac
Amaru. (Seville Editorial Don Quijote, 1990), p.
19.
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Popularization of Inca Symbols among Elites
Images from Laviana Cuentos, Maria Luisa. Túpac
Amaru. (Seville Editorial Don Quijote, 1990),
pp. 125, 45.
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Preventing Future Rebellions
Images from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageTu
pac_amaru_execution.jpg Vega, Juan José. Túpac
Amaru y sus compañeros. (Cusco Imprenta Amauta,
1995), p. 197.
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Rejection of Colonial Symbols and Power
Rebels in Cayllomathe time of mercy is
finished, there are no Sacraments nor God with
any power.Túpac Katari and Bartolina SisaI
will send all the Europeans on their way, so they
move to their lands We will be left as the
ultimate owners of this place and of its wealth.
We alone will rule.
Quotations from Jan Szeminski, "Why Kill the
Spaniard? New Perspectives on Andean
Insurrectionary Ideology in the 18th Century," in
Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the
Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries, ed.
Steve J. Stern (Madison, Wis. University of
Wisconsin Press, 1987), p. 179 Sinclair Thomson,
We Alone Will Rule Native Andean Politics in the
Age of Insurgency. (Madison University of
Wisconsin Press, 2002), pp. 207, 31.
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The Rebellions Today
Images from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageJo
se_Gabriel_Condorcanqui_TupacAmaru_II.jpg
www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pe7D.html