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Forest Disease Management

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Increase stand health by reducing crowding. Remove mistletoe-infected trees ... Foliar spraying Xmas trees. Chemical Control. Biological control. Competition ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Forest Disease Management


1
Forest Disease Management
  • ESC 432

2
Forest Disease Management
Disease Evaluation
  • Detection
  • Recognition
  • Appraisal
  • What type of management is appropriate?

3
Disease Management Strategies
Disease Management Strategies
  • Cultural
  • Chemical
  • Biological
  • Genetics
  • Quarantine and inspection
  • Passive
  • Increasing pathogens

4
Cultural
Cultural Techniques
  • Clearcutting
  • Pruning
  • Thinning
  • Sanitation inoculum removal
  • Species selection
  • Fertilization
  • Prescribed fire
  • Avoidance

5
Clearcutting
  • For dwarf mistletoe, cankers, decay
  • Not effective on root rots and rusts

6
Thinning
Thinning
  • Increase stand health by reducing crowding
  • Remove mistletoe-infected trees
  • Reduce humidity and foliage diseases
  • Root diseases may increase in fresh stumps

18 year old Southern pine stand was thinned at
age 15
7
Pruning
Pruning
  • Reduces mistletoe, canker, rust, and wilt
    diseases
  • Improper pruning can increase some cankers and
    wood decay

8
Sanitation
Sanitation
  • Removal of inoculum prevents further infection
  • Root rots stump removal
  • Mistletoe repeated thinning
  • Dutch elm disease burning of brood material
  • Phytophthora - washing

Push over logging with an excavator (with claw)
to remove infected stumps
9
Species selection
Species Selection
  • Non-host species in high disease areas
  • Red alder instead of Douglas-fir for laminated
    root rot
  • Western red cedar instead of Port Orford cedar
    for Phytophthora
  • Mixed species stands

10
Prescribed fire
  • Useful in controlling mistletoe, foliage
    diseases, cankers
  • Not effective on root rots

11
Fertilizing
Fertilizing
  • Nitrogen (N)
  • Phosphorus (P)
  • Trace elements (Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, B)
  • Generally improves tree health
  • May make some diseases worse

Helicopter applying fertilizer in Blue Mountains
Wallowa-Whitman National Forest
12
Avoidance
Avoidance
  • Thinning and pruning when spores are not present
  • Site selection soil, drainage, climate,
    identify high hazard sites (white pine blister
    rust, Annosus
  • Root Disease)

Stand infested with white pine blister rust
13
Other strategies- Chemical Control
Chemical Control
  • Soil fumigation in nurseries
  • Borax stump treatment for annosum root rot
  • Herbicide or growth regulator mistletoe
  • Injections vascular wilts
  • Foliar spraying Xmas trees

14
Biological control
Biological Control
  • Competition
  • Decay fungi in stumps
  • Trichoderma
  • Phlebiopsis gigantea
  • for H. annosum (Rotstop)
  • Protection - mycorrhizae

Mycorrhiza at base of seedling from nursery
15
Genetics
Genetics Breeding for resistance
  • Breeding for resistance
  • Better for introduced pathogens than for native
    ones
  • Works well for rusts
  • Not as effective for root diseases

16
Quarantine and Inspection
  • To prevent new pathogens and pests from being
    introduced
  • White pine blister rust, Port Orford cedar root
    disease, Dutch elm disease, Sudden oak death
  • Many pathogens come in on infected soil or plant
    material (APHIS Animal Plant Health Inspection
  • Service of USDA)
  • Transporting fumigated seeds is best
  • www.exoticforestpests.or
    g

17
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18
APHIS has importation requirements for
logs, lumber, wood chips/bark chips, mulch,
humus, compost,litter, Cork bark. See Text Table
25.2.
Pest introductions are continuing to increase
19
Passive management
Passive Management
  • doing nothing
  • When managing for wildlife habitat
  • When not much damage is expected

20
Increasing decay
Increasing Decay
  • For wildlife habitat

21
Integration of disease. insect and fire
management
  • Forests are now being managed as ecosystems
    rather than as croplands
  • USDA Forest Service guidelines for east and west
    of the Cascades

22
East Cascades
  • Thinning to reduce stress
  • Harvest to create uneven aged stands to prevent
    bark beetle outbreaks in lodgepole pine stands
  • Reduce fuel on forest floor with prescribed fire
    and removal of true firs

23
West Cascades
  • Multiple species stands to reduce impacts of
    insects and diseases
  • Use natural regeneration or seed from local
    sources to prevent needle-cast due to off-site
    planting
  • Uniform stands are more susceptible than mixed
    age and species

24
Modeling Forest Diseases
Modeling Forest Diseases
  • Differential equations
  • Regression equations
  • Simulation models
  • Economic spread sheet
  • models

25
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26
Regression models
Regression models
  • Prediction
  • Several variables
  • Apply only to area where data was collected

27
Simulation models
Simulation Models
  • Can include many variables
  • Apply to more situations
  • Validate model with actual data
  • Western Root Disease model

LMS Landscape Management System
28
Root disease model can be interfaced with LMS
29
Economic Models Cost of Laminated Root Disease
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