study of functional processes of body

1

• Chapter 1
• study of functional processes of body
• study of cells
• study of tissues
• molecules cells - ____ -____ - ____
• What are 3 examples of functional characteristics
  of life?
• What are 3 survival needs of living organisms?
• What are the divisions of the dorsal cavity?
• What are the divisions of the ventral cavity?

2

• feedback that responds in opposite direction of
  stimulus, output shuts off original stimulus
• maintaining stable conditions
• plane aka horizontal cut
• plane separating body into equal left and right

3
(No Transcript)
4

• what is the movement of materials from area of
  high concentration to low concentration
• what will happen to blood cell placed in
  hypertonic salt solution
• all cells come from preexisting cells, all plants
  and animals made of cells, cells are basic unit
  of life (which theory?..hmmm)
• genes code for _____

5

• What are the molecules on the bottom? (hint
  NH2 is known as an amine group, COOH is known as
  carboxyl group)
• These molecules are the building blocks of what
  organic compound (they do almost everything)

6

• what is the process of building larger molecules
  from smaller by removig water molecule from the
  reactants
• C6H12O6 C6H12O6 ? C12H22O11 H2O
• The picture below illustrates a nucleotide, the
  building blocks of
• What is the job of nucleic acids

7

• What does this illustration represent?
• What is the main organic compound that makes up
  this structure (labeled _____)?
• What are the large oblong structures embedded in
  the cell membrane? they often act as molecular
  pumps, moving material in and out of cell

8

• What is the process taking place from molecule 1
  to 2?
• What process is occurring at step 4 (mRNA into
  a.a. sequence or protien)?
• What is the process of copying DNA into mRNA

9
(No Transcript)
10

• Tissues Test Review
• what are groups of cells with common function
• root epi
• what are the four tissue types
• what are germ layers and how do they relate to
  tissues

11

• what tissues all arise from mesenchyme
• what are the four main types of connective tissue
• ductless glands, secrete contents directly into
  blood, aka ___ glands
• ground substance fibers (2 of 3 main components
  of connective tissue)
• most abundant protein in body
• type of cartilage of verterbral column
• type of cartilage of ear and epiglottis, more
  flexible

12

• osseous tissue, aka ___
• epithelial tissue always has a basement membrane
  and a top surface called ___
• many layers of flattened cells
• what is/are the function(s) of most simple
  epithelial cells

13

• three basic structural parts of neuron
• which type of loose connective tissue functions
  include energy storage, insulation, organ cushion
• most common type of connective tissue
• avascular connective tissue comprised mainly of
  water
• spindle shaped muscles controlling involuntary
  actions of blood vessels and intestines

14

• specialized immune cells that phagocytize (eat)
  foreign material
• voluntary muscle with many striations
• where in body would we find stratified squamous
  cells
• where in the body would we find simple ciliated
  columnar cells
• tissue type that is irritable and able to conduct
  messages

15
(No Transcript)
16

• Test Review Chapter 5 Integument
• two main layers of the skin
• what are the five layers of the epidermis
  starting from the top down
• what layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes
• what is the most actively dividing layer of the
  epidermis
• what are the two layers of the dermis
• What is the predominant tissue type of the dermis
• what is the layer found below the dermis

17

• what is the predominant tissue type of the
  hypodermis
• nerve receptors of the skin that detect light
  pressure
• specialized leukocytes found in the epidermis
  that help activate the immune response
• uncontrolled cell growth
• waterproofing protein that is the main component
  of outer epidermal layers
• rule of ____ helps assess burn damage

18

• two predominant factors controlling hair growth
• pigment producing cells of epidermis, pigment
  helps shield nuclei of cells
• eccrine sweat glands, aka ?
• glands producing earwax
• smooth muscle attached to hair follicle
• most common type of skin cancerthink germinating
  layer
• most abundant cells of epidermis

19
(No Transcript)
20

• Chapter 6 Bone Structure and Bone Development
• which type of bone marrow is responsible for
  producing new blood cells
• the main component of yellow marrow is
• mass of clotted blood forming at the site of
  injury
• small cavities housing osteocytes
• central canal of osteon through which blood
  vessels and nerves pass
• bone cells responsible for bone resorption,
  secrete acids that help break down bone

21

• shape of femur and phalanges
• shape of vertebrae
• most abundant cartilage of body
• main component of cartilage that makes cartilage
  very resilient to compression forces
• canals that form between lacunae and make
  connections between osteocytes found in lacunae
• part of skeleton comprised of skull, vertebrae,
  and thoracic cavity

22

• number of bones in adult
• tiny struts of spongy bone aligned toward lines
  of stress
• term for blood formation
• two factors that can delay osteoporosis
• aka bone formation
• ends of a long bone

23

• aka dwarfism
• osteomalacia in children aka
• what vitamin helps absorb dietary calcium
• realignment of broken bones
• extend around entire circumference of shaft just
  deep to periosteum
• limbs are part of what division of the skeleton
• aka porous bones, and which is accelerated, bone
  resorption or bone depositing

24
(No Transcript)
25

• Chapter 7 Test Review
• only vertebrae without body
• C2 vertebrae aka
• 3 parts of axial skeleton
• 3 parts of sternum
• only bone that does not articulate with other
  bones
• type of tissue of intervertebral discs
• which part of vertebral column receives most
  weight
• aka wrist bones

26

• back of skull, contains foramen magnum
• major lateral and superior portion of skull
• contains the external auditory meatus
• cheekbones
• upper jaw and lower jaw, label which is which
• joint that holds together immovable bones of skull

27

• tailbone
• 3 parts of hipbone
• fingers and toes
• aka collarbone
• 3 types of vertebrae, how many of each

28

• bones of lower leg (upper and lower portion)
• bones of antebrachial region
• brachial bone
• bones that allow tear ducts to pass through
• ankle bones
• heel bone

29
(No Transcript)
30

• Chapter 8 Test Review Joints
• circular movement of limb, shoulder
• inflammation of a joint
• points where bones meet, articulations
• type of joints between carpals and phalanges
• connect muscle to bone
• type of joint of thumb
• main type of cartilage of articular surfaces
• type of synovial joint of elbow and knee

31

• functional classification of joints which permits
  only slight movement at joint
• what functional classification group are synovial
  joints placed in
• what type of synovial joint is our hip and
  shoulder
• what type of joints provide the gliding motion of
  the carpals
• what is movement of limb toward the midline of
  body
• what type of movement is dribbling a basketball
  or turning the foot inward on its arch

32

• what are the synarthrotic joints of the skull
  bones
• what are the tissue sacs that act as cushions in
  synovial joints purses
• movement decreasing the angle between joints
• although shoulder and hip are ball and socket
  joints, why is hip movement more limited
• what ligaments stabilize the knee from lateral
  movement cross
• articular discs reducing friction between
  articulating bones

33

• in what type of joint, is a joint cavity filled
  with fluid present
• what connects muscle to bone
• type of arthritis in which uric acid crystallizes
  in joints
• type of synovial joint of C1 and C2 vertebrae
• fibrous peg-in-socket joint of teeth
• torn ligament aka ___
• movement increasing the angle between
  articulating bones (tilting head backward)

34

• most common form of arthritis in which damaged
  cartilage is replaced by bone
• bones forced out of alignment
• joints stabilizing the knee joint on the sides of
  the knee

35
(No Transcript)
36

• Chapter Review Muscles
• mineral that binds to troponin on actin filament
• energy molecule that binds to myosin during
  sliding filament
• made up of bundles of muscle fibers (cells)
• made up of actin and myosin filaments
• major job of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
• smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle
• bond or link between myosin and actin

37

• striated, multinucleated, voluntary muscle
• blocks myosin binding sites on the actin
• cytoplasm of muscle fibers
• visceral muscles, involuntary control
• thick filaments
• site where a neuron meets with muscle

38

• the area between two successive Z discs, smallest
  functional unit of skeletal muscle
• what causes muscle striations
• network within muscle cells that functions in
  calcium storage and release
• made up of bundles of fascicles
• muscle fibers (cells) are divided into smaller
  subunits known as
• anaerobic process of breaking down sugar into
  pyruvic acid and forming small quantities of ATP

39

• organelle in the cell that makes ATP
• what type of muscle fibers would be more
  prevalent in a marathon runner
• type of contraction in which tension develops but
  the load does not move (lifting heavy object)
• when ATP is not available to separate myosin
  cross bridges after death, what condition results
• muscular degenerative genetic disorder
• collective name of chemicals released by nervous
  system across a synaptic gap

40

• connective tissue surrounding outer muscle
• neurotransmitter released that attaches to
  sarcolemma and stimulates the sarcoplasmic
  reticulum to release calcium (spell correctly if
  tie)
• connective tissue surrounding individual
  fascicles
• state of sustained partial contraction

41
(No Transcript)
42

• Chapter 10 Muscle Identification
• most levers of the body are which lever type
• 3 main components of lever system
• approximately how many muscles
• muscle shape of muscles generally found at body
  openings (mouth, sphincter, eye)
• chewing muscles
• sucking muscles
• term over nourish, refers to muscle growth

43

• muscles responsible for flexing knee
• muscle responsible for extending knee
• biceps, triceps, qaudriceps difference in names
  indicates
• what primarily determines the power of muscle
• rectus, transverse, oblique differentiates what
  characteristic of muscles
• maximus, minimus, longus, brevis differentiates
  what characteristic of muscles
• deltod, trapezius, etc. differentiates what
  characteristic of muscles