Environmental Impacts and Human Values

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Environmental Impacts and Human Values
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Human Values

• Values are used by humans to make choices
• Making choices in congruence to ones values
  provides meaning, comfort, and a sense of well
  being
• Making choices outside of ones values results in
  feelings of guilt

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Individual Values (after Maslow)

• Hierarchy that are related to
• Physiological needs (food, warmth, etc.)
• Safety
• Human relations related to belonging and love
• Self-esteem
• Self-actualization

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Religious Values

• Designate meaning
• Provide morality
• Defines relative importance of relationships
• God-human
• Human-human
• Human-environment
• Provide social control and expectations

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Social and Community Values

• Provide for health and safety
• Protect freedoms
• Define responsibilities
• Allows for political involvement
• Provide social safety net for young and old,
  disadvantaged, and disenfranchised

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Factors that Control Worldviews
Strong external control
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Individual choice
Group decisions
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No external control
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Four Boxes

• 1- Hierarchists value control, organizations,
  standardization, top-down
• 2- Egalitarians value consensus, democracy,
  equality, community choice
• 3- Individualists value individual freedom,
  personal choice
• 4- Fatalists value freedom, strength to resist,
  individual power

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Relation of Worldview to Environmental Impacts
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O
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4
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3
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O
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Theory of Society Stages

• Four stages
• Survival
• Pre-modern
• Modern
• Post-modern

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Survival

• Focus on
• hard work
• practical knowledge
• money
• possessions
• avoid mistakes

• World view
• tend to be fatalists
• women need children
• children need two parents
• good evil are clear
• respect close authority
• reject distant authority
• reject outgroups

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Pre-modern (hierarchical)

• Focus on
• work
• skills/ trades
• stability
• family values
• religious values
• national values

• Worldview
• tend to hierarchical
• family is the most important social group
• large families
• patriarchal leadership
• obedience to patriarchal control
• church and state protect the family

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Modern

• Focus on
• Achievement
• Professional education
• Investments
• Political involvement
• Corporate or bureaucratic values

• Worldview
• Tend to be hierarchical
• Achievement comes from large organizations
• Politics are important
• Family is a secondary concern as to stability
• Divorce and abortion tolerated

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Post-modern (individual)

• Focus on
• Individual freedom
• Individual education
• Financial achievement
• Good health
• Travel
• Consumption
• Self-actualization

• Worldview
• Individual needs and wants are important
• Persons should be free to fulfill needs and wants
• High tolerance for other persons choices
• Tolerance for divorce, abortion, homosexuality,
  lack of religion

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Post-modern (egalitarian)

• Focus on
• Community freedom
• Arts
• Human relationships
• Economic well being and health for all
• Equality
• Actualization of society

• Worldview
• Society should see to fulfill individual needs
  and wants
• Wealth needs to be equally distributed
• Tolerance for other persons choices within
  limits
• Tolerance for divorce, abortion, homosexuality,
  lack of religion

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Developmental Progression

• Survival (fatalist)
• Pre-modern (hierarchist)
• Modern (hierarchist)
• Post-modern
• individualist egalitarian