Democratisation PI4554

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Democratisation PI4554

• 9th February 11th May
• Dr.Christian W. HaerpferReader, PIR

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Theories of Democratization

• Modernization Theory - Emphasis on social and
  economic requisites
• Historical Sociology or Structuralism Emphasis
  on changing structures of power
• Agency or Transition Theories Emphasis on
  political processes and elite initiatives
• Congruence Theory

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Modernization Theory (MT)

• Anthony Giddens (1990)
• MT linking democratization with globalization
  within modernization
• Father of MD Seymour Martin Lipset (1959)
• Theory of change
• Mfunctionalist and economistic
• Democracyoutcome of capitalism

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Modernization Theory

• Lipset
• More telephones
• More cars
• More consumption
• More capitalism
• Leads to more democracy and democratization

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Modernization Theory

• Current authors with MT
• Leftwich 1996 Diamond 19961999
• Leftwich capitalism is producing democracy
• Diamond capitalism political culture civil
  society

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Structuralism (ST)-Historical Sociology

• Father of ST
• Barrington Moore 1966, Social Origins of
  Democracy and Dictatorship
• Updated version of ST
• Rueschmeyer, Stephens and Stephens 1992

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Structuralism The Bourgeois Revolution

• 1.Decline of peasants and increase of urban
  workers
• 2.Decline of landed class and increase of
  bourgeoisie
• 123. Democracy
• e.g. UK, France, USA

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Structuralism Revolution from above

• Conservative Modernization, e.g. Germany, Japan
• Survival of SM peasantry
• Emergence of commercially-minded landed classes
• Emergence of centralized and strong state

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Structuralism Revolution from Below

• Modernization by Communism and peasant
  revolution, e.g. Russia and China
• Survival of peasantry
• Weak landed class
• Absolutist state

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Transition Theory (TT)

• Transition or Agency Approach
• Democracy created by political actors,
  political elites beyond economic, cultural and
  political structures
• Father of TT
• Dankwart Rustow 1970

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3 Phases of Transition Theory (TT)

• Rustow
• Liberalization preparatory phase
• Transition decision phase
• Consolidation habituation phase for leaders and
  citizens

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Classic Transition Theory (TT)

• Schmitter ODonnell Whitehead 1986
• Transitions from Authoritarian Rule
• Interactions, bargaining between
• Authoritarian leaders
• Democratic opposition

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Classic Transition Theory (TT)

• Separation between
• Economic cirumstances
• Political negotiations
• TT mainstream of methodology and epistemology
  of political science

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Classic Transition Theory (TT)

• Democratization process
• To trace and explain these processes
• Rational choice version Przeworski 1991
• Agency and interactions of elites

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Congruence Theory

• Institutional supply cultural demand
  equilibrium
• Institutional supply gt cultural demand no
  further democratization
• Institutional supply lt cultural demand more
  democratization
• Inglehart Welzel 2005