Chapter Fourteen Sectional Forms

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Chapter FourteenSectional Forms
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Basic Elements of Music
Rhythm Melody (pitch) Harmony Timbre
(sound) Form (shape)
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Form

• FormOrganizational plan of a piece of
  music--how many motives, phrases, verses, etc.

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Basic Principles of Musical Organization
Form is created through three techniques Repetiti
onContrastVariation
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Repetition
Individual lines of a song can repeat -
a a (repeated note for note) Silent Night,
Holy Night b b (slight
variation) All is calm, all is bright.
c Round yon Virgin, Mother and Child.
c Holy Infant so tender and mild. d
e Sleep in
heavenly peace Sleep in heavenly peace
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Repetition

• Or entire sections of a song may repeat--
• Each verse of Silent Night has the exact same
  melody just as This Land is Your Land does.
• Repetition provides a sense of familiarity,
  unity, and a feeling of continuity.
• But, too much repetition makes music easy to
  ignore e.g., Row, Row, Row Your Boat

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Contrast

• Contrast is created by changing the character of
  the music through creating a separate section.
• Intro to Last Dance vs. rest of song or Oy,
  Abram.
• Contrast provides a sense of variety.

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Sectional Form

• Pieces divided into logical units that
• have definite beginnings and endings.
• The flow of music is mildly interrupted by the
  end and beginning of sections.
• Cadences are the primary device for indicating
  these units or sections.
• Contrast can also be used to create divisions.

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Types of Sectional Forms

• Strophic
• The same or similar music for each stanza or
  section. Much of folk and childrens music is
  strophic. There is no contrasting melody.
• E. g., Silent Night or This Land is Your
  Land

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Types of Sectional Forms

• Verse/Chorus
• Variation of strophic form where chorus is
  inserted between verses. Chorus is marked by
  repeated lyrics and may or may not have same
  melody as verse.
• E.g., This Land is Your Land

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Expanded Sectional Forms

• Sectional forms also include music that has two
  or more sections without repetition of melodic
  material.
• Help Me Make It Through the Night
• Verse Chorus Bridge
• Crazy Train Verse, Chorus, Bridge
• Huachos A B C

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South America

• Andes Mountains5500 miles long along western
  edge of SAlongest mountain range in the world.
• Indigenous peoples inhabited SA for 20,000 years.
• Incas were the predominant culture in the Andes
  from around 1450, until the European invasion of
  settlers around 1550.
• South America is a mix of mestizo, mulatto, and
  indigenous traditions and people.

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Music of the Andes

• Andean music is oldest music in Latin America and
  is made up of an intermingling of indigenous and
  European elements and instruments.
• It is played in a variety of settingsclubs,
  villages, homes, festivals, etc.Almost every
  municipality has its own band.
• It is also played around the world by groups
  ranging from itinerant street musicians to highly
  trained professionals.

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Andean Music Instruments
Strings Guitar, Charango Drums Bombo, Wankara,
Shakers Wind Instruments Panpipes- Phukuna,
Siku, Zampoñas Flutes- Quenas, (Kenas), Quenachos
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Quenas
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Charangos
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Zampona