Europe Encounters America

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Europe Encounters America
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• Vikings, Scandinavia, first in Americas
• used longboats for excursions

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• Leif Ericson, 1000, 35 Vikings Newfoundland
• colonies failed, Native Americans
• unsophisticated weapons

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Newfoundland
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Claudius Ptolemy Greek-educated Egyptian
geographer that drew maps with lines of
longitudeprojected on flat surface rediscovered
in 15th century, influential
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al-Idrisi 12th C. Arab geo. 1154
published survey of the world
Europeans used this also
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• Christopher Columbus Portuguese backing, denied
  because of his
• underestimation of the distance to Asia (Dias,
  tip of Africa)
• 1492 Spains King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
  agreed to finance
• him Portuguese success

Barcelona
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• Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria left Spain, August
  1492
• Canary Islands for supplies
• landed on San Salvador Island

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• encountered the Taino people, part of the Arawak
  people
• called them Indians thought he had reached the
  Indies SE of China
• people had small pieces of gold hanging from
  holes in their noses
• headed deeper into Caribbean in search for gold

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• found Cuba and Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican
  Republic)
• thought Cuba was China Hispaniola was Japan
• Christmas Eve, Santa Maria (flagship) struck a
  reef, broke apart
• built fort called La Navidad, left 40 crew,
  headed home

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• March 1493, returned to Spanish court
• gold, spices, Native Americans
• Admiral of the Ocean Sea
• Viceroy and Governor of the Indies

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• 1493, across Atlantic again, 17 ships, 1200
  Spanish colonists
• men he left killed, fort destroyed, new colony
  called Isabella
• 1496 Columbus went back to Spain, Santo Domingo,
• first capital of Spains empire in
  America
• 3rd voyage in 1498 Orinoco River,
  South America
• 1502 final voyage
  coastline from Guatemala to Panama

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• Spanish-Portuguese disputes
• 1493 Pope Alexander VI, line of demarcation
  Spain west of line, Portugal east of line
• King John II of Portugal wanted line moved
  further west
• 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas (Spanish town),
  moved line 1000 miles to the west (Brazil)

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• Amerigo Vespucci, Italian explorer, sailed under
  Spanish flag, concluded lands
• that Columbus explored were not part of Asia
• 1507 German scholar, Martin Waldseemuller, new
  continent named America

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• 1513 Spanish governor of Puerto Rico, Juan
  Ponce de Leon, sailed north
• Fountain of Youth
• Florida land of flowers

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• 1510 Vasco de Balboa, colony on the Isthmus of
  Panama
• tales of empires of gold in the south sea
• 1513 first European to reach Pacific coast of
  America

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• 1520 Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese mariner
  (Spain), strait
• peaceful watersPacific Ocean
• died in the Philippines
• crew arrived in Spain in 1522, first to
  circumnavigate the globe

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• America to Europe corn, tobacco, squash,
  tomatoes, potatoes (important)
• Europe to America wheat, barley, horses, sheep,
  smallpox, measles
• Guns, Germs, and Steel