The Cold War

1
The Cold War

• RED hot tension, close encounters of the third
  (world) kind, and a possible list?

2
A comparison

• US Democracy
• Private ownership and control of economy
• Democracy with popular vote (Pres/Congress)
• Harry Truman
• Economic/Military Power (No war here)
• Sought self determination for all
• Reunite Germany

• Soviet Communism
• Sate controlled all property and economic control
• Totalitarian govt without opposition
• Joseph Stalin
• Economic/Military Power
• Spread communism worldwide
• Keep Germany apart

3
Joseph Stalin

• Man of Steel or a little bit of a squirt?
• Supported Hitler?
• Resented the US delay in Europe
• What bomb?
• Credits
• Turned Soviet Union into world power
• Secret police/ labor camps
• Killed millions of Soviets

4
Harry Truman

• VP 2 P?
• Decision maker
• Stalin lied to meNo free elections in Poland/E.
  Europe, no democratic parties (Yalta promises)
• Knew of deep odds with Soviets for US
• Feb. 1946 US established a containment policy-
  prevent communists expansion

5
The United Nations (UN)

• 51 nations (191) started in 1945
• International peace organization, symbol of world
  peace efforts (no laws)
• Must accept the obligations of the UN Charter
• UN has four purposes maintain international
  peace/security to develop friendly relations
  among nations to cooperate in solving
  international problems and promoting respect for
  human rights and to be a centre for harmonizing
  the actions of nations.
• Based in NY

6
The Curtain Falls

• Soviets control E. Europe (buffer zone) as
  satellite nations
• Iron Curtain develops
• Cold War starts 1945- 1991
• Never in battle, but close

7
Aid in Europe

• US economy strong following WWII?
• Truman Doctrine 400 mill in relief for Greece
  and Turkey
• US policy to support free peoples resisting
  outside pressuresTruman
• Marshall Plan Sec. Of State George Marshall 13
  billion to 16 nations revived W. Europe
  nice democracy

8
One Nation under FOUR zones?

• Germany divided in 4 zones (Fr, US, Brit, and
  Sov,)
• Reparations from own occupied zone
• 1948 3 zones become 1, Berlin divided in 2
• Stalin closes and blockades W Berlin,
• 2.1 mill pop, limited resources

9
Berlin Airlift

• Re-supply operation to Berlin lasting 11 months
  (1948-49)
• Considered first victory for the west in the Cold
  War
• 277,000 flights, 2.3 million tons of supplies
• Soviets lift blockade
• West and East Germany formed 1949
• NATA formed- pledge military support if
  attacked-US change? Soviets construct a wall in
  the center of the city (1960's)

10
A sculpture reflecting the divided city in the
Cold War.
11
Anti-Communist Hysteria

• US security is a fear
• Communism is growing?
• 100,000 American Communist, loyalty?
• Loyalty Review Board- investigate gov. employees
  (couldnt see evidence)
• 212 dismissed as risks/ 2900 resigned

12
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

• Investigated Communism in movie industry
• Using propaganda in films
• 10 men refused to testify, Hollywood Ten,
  unconstitutional
• Sent to prison gt a year
• Blacklisted 500 people
• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg- Found guilty and put
  to death- giving atomic secrets to Soviets (1st
  civilians executed for espionage)

13
McCarthy and McCarthyism

• Senator Joseph McCarthy (famous anti-Communist)
• Ineffective needed an issueCommunism?
• Accused of disloyalty without proof-McCarthyism
• Knew of many Commies in State Department, never
  produced the list/proof
• Makes wrong accusation, investigated, lost
  support, becomes alcoholic and dies a broken man.
  

14
Serious Needs and Questions

• Soviets first bomb detonated 1949
• Air raid drills 1953-61 (Eisenhower)
• Need a more powerful weapon? (Truman)
• H-Bomb- morally OK? 67Xs Hiroshima
• Arms race (Truman)
• US wins Nov 1, 1952
• Soviets August 1953

15
Brinkmanship

• President Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Threat of all out war for containment
• Cut army/navy, built up air force and nuclear
  weapons (Soviets too)
• Threat/fear to US was new and lasting (30 years)
• bomb shelters

16
Cold War Spreads

• CIA gathers info abroad, secret operations
  against foes (Iranian oil)
• Iran/Persia 1935

• Stalin dies in 1953, recognizes W Germany,
  treaties with Austria, Japan
• Germany rearms, joins NATO Soviets fearful
• Military alliance formed- Warsaw Pact (8 E.
  European nations)

17
National logo of the Cold War