VENKATESHCH

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Nitte Meenakshi Institute of TechnologyLA-2TOPIC
-INSULINE PUMP

• SUBMITTED TO-Dr.Swarnalatha K S
• Submitted by-
• Suhas R1NT19SI163
• Vishal J1NT19IS188
• Venkatesh C H1NT19IS184

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INTRODUCTION

• People with diabetes cannot make their own
  insulin, a hormone that is normally secreted by
  the pancreas. Insulin is essential to metabolise
  sugar and hence generate energy
• Currently most diabetics inject insulin 2 or more
  times per day, with the dose injected based on
  readings of their blood sugar level

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INSULIN PUMP

• A personal insulin pump is an external device
  that mimics the function of the pancreas.
• It uses an embedded sensor to measure blood sugar
  level at periodic intervals .
• Then injects insulin to maintain the blood sugar
  at a 'normal' level.

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• Designed to transmit drugs and fluids into blood
  stream without repeated insertion of needles
• well suited to the drug delivery requirements
  of-
• -insulin,
• - steroids,
• - chemotherapeutics,
• - antibiotics,
• - analgesics,
• - and heparin.

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Early Insulin Pumps (early 1970s)

• The first wearable insulin pump, known as the
  'blue brick' and later the 'autosyringe,'
  was designed by Dean Kamen in 1976 and led to the
  introduction of insulin pump therapy in the same
  year

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Present Day Insulin Pumps

• The 780G pump is designed to work with
  Medtronic's Guardian sensors to continuously
  monitor glucose levels throughout the day and
  automatically adjust insulin dosage every five
  minutes as needed.

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Insulin delivery system

• Data flow model of software-controlled insulin
  pump

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Insulin Delivery as a Model Implant PumpSystem

• Implantable drug delivery systems are placed
  completely under the skin - usually in a
  convenient location.
• Generally placed in the anterior
  subcutaneoustissue of chest/abdomen for
  concealment.

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Insulin Delivery as a Model Implant Pump System

• Designed to necessitate external control of the
  drug delivery rate or volume of drug (unlike
  conventional controlled-release formulations).
• primary driving force for delivery is the
  pressure difference
• generated by pressurizing a drug reservoir
  with a pump
• by osmotic action (osmotic pumps),
• by direct mechanical actuation.

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Characteristics for an ideal pump

• Deliver drug within prescribed rates for extended
  periods (2-5 yrs).
• Accuracy precision.
• Reliable.
• Chemically, physically biologically stable.
• Compatible with drugs.
• Non-antigenic non-carcinogenic.
• Must have overdose protection.

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Characteristics for an ideal pump

• Convenient to use.
• Implantable by local anesthesia.
• Able to monitor the performance of the pump.
• Must be sterilizable.
• Have wide delivery rate for basal bolus
  deliveries to meet patient variability.
• Long reservoir battery life and easy
  programmability.

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Types of Pump

• Peristaltic pump
• Fluorocarbon propellant-driven pump
• Osmotic pump
• Controlled-release micropump

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Peristaltic Pumps

• Construction
• - Pump, electronics battery.
• Titanium chamber provide hermatic seal.
• Further coated to improve biocompatibilty.

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Peristaltic Pumps
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Drug Administration Device (DAD)

• Advantages
• Use of wide variety of drugs.
• Precise delivery of potent narrow therapeutic
  substances.
• Less risk of infection since it is fully
  implanted.
• Performed using local anesthesia on outpatient
  basis.
• Presence of alarm system makes the pump more safe.

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Fluorocarbon Propellant-Driven Pumps

• Construction
• Hollow titanium disk, moveable pistons
• 2 chambers-inner-gtdrug outer-gtflurocarbon liquid
  
• Self-sealing silicon rubber Teflon, bacterial
  filters, catherter.
• Working
• Vaporization of flurocarbon inner chamber
  compress? drug release through catheter.
• Adjust flow rate by increasing viscosity

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Osmotic Pumps

• Moveable piston maintain pressure inreservoir
• Semipermeable membrane

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Controlled-release micropump

• Diffusion across a rate-controlling membrane for
  basal delivery.
• Augmented by rapidly oscillating piston acting on
  a compressible disk of foam-achieved without
  valves by repeated compression of the foam disk
  by a coated piston.

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THANK YOU