ACTED Tajikistan

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ACTED Tajikistan

• Deep Hand Pumps, a sustainable intervention for
  Rural Tajikistan..?
• October 2004

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Presentation Contents

• Intro to ACTED WATSAN programme
• DHP programme in Khatlon
• Sustainability
• MSc study
• Level of service
• Operation and maintenance
• Private sector
• Financing and cost recovery

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ACTED WATSAN Programme
Areas of intervention in Central Asia
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Curent Works

• Deep hand pumps
• Spring catchments
• Latrines
• Irrigation
• Disaster Preparedness
• Small scale infrastructure rehabilitation

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Aims of ACTED DHP programme

• Increased access to water and sanitation
  facilities for rural populations
• Reduced prevalence of water borne and hygiene
  related diseases
• Sustainable set up through community
  participation, VLOM and private sector
  strengthening
• Increased knowledge and improved behaviours
  regarding health and hygiene among rural
  populations and the public at large

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Past programmes in Khatlon

• 3444 SHPs 218,000 beneficiaries
• 93 DHPs 31,000 beneficiaries
• Spring catchments for 18 villages
• 1586 family latrines
• 13 WCs and 57 SWUGs established

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DHP Programme in Khatlon

• As part of ACTEDs 2002 2003 Water and
  Sanitation project (03U1), a pilot scheme of
  twenty deep hand pump installations was
  implemented.
• This was followed in 2003 2004 by 03CW which
  installed 73 deep hand pumps.
• The 2004-2005 ECHO programme will install 100 DHP
  in Khatlon

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Hardware

• Pamir and Indus Deep Hand Pumps
• Related to Afridev
• VLOM
• Installed in Hand Dug Wells and Renovated
  Boreholes

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Software

• Integrated approach
• Community Mobilisation
• Health Education
• Monitoring and Evaluation

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Community Mobilisation

• A six step approach
• A pre-selection of locations for project
  implementation from the technical department
• Community mobilization then conduct a
  Participatory Rural Assessment (PRA), aimed at
  determining the grade of need and requirements
  of the community
• Analysis of the received information as a result
  of PRA, and transfer of the situation analysis
  for consideration to the technical departments

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Community Mobilisation

• After the final selection, Community Mobilization
  department conducts activities on involvement of
  local inhabitants into the process of project
  implementation. An important point is the
  creation of Social-Community Council (SCC) within
  the selected communities. The given structure
  will serve as a chain between the technical
  departments of ACTED and population
• After the activities have been conducted in the
  villages, the project proposal is composed
  jointly with technical departments and community
  mobilization
• Consideration of the project proposal by the
  technical department, followed by project
  implementation

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Health Education and Hygiene Promotion
The success of water projects is clearly
achieved through an integrated approach
Community Health Workers CHW In all areas of
intervention, ACTED starts by selecting and
training CHW. These CHWs are responsible for
mobilizing the community, spreading information,
participating in distribution of nets, hand pumps
monitoring etc. They are also essential links
with the communities allowing full feedback and
participatory planning.
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Monitoring and Evaluation

• ACTED dedicated department for ME
• Technical evaluation
• Social evaluation

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Completed DHP
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Another
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Sustainability

• Aim is to achieve a long term sustainable
  solution
• Are we achieving this, and if not what can we do
  better
• To assist in assessing this, in 2004 Colin Daborn
  carried out a review of ACTEDs DHP programme

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Points of interest from Study

• The study included a review of the following
• Level of service
• Level of access
• Management of Operation and Maintenance
• Involvement of private sector
• Financing and cost recovery
• Spare parts

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Level of service

• The strategy of full village coverage has been
  adopted after the initial pilot scheme.
• Report recommends that each hand pump should
  serve aprox 250 people (around 36 families based
  on 7 members per family)
• A realistic per capita consumption of 30 litres
  per person could be achieved in 8 hours of
  continuous pumping

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Level of access

• The level of access to a supply is crucial in
  ensuring that sufficient quantities of water are
  available. The ACTED guidelines state Distance
  to the water source shall be no more than 300m

Water consumption lcd
Return trip travel time (min)
Graph of travel time versus consumption (Source
Cairncross and Feachem, 1993)
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Management of Operation and Maintenance

• Pumps are VLOM
• Responsibility for O M
• SWUGs
• Water Committees - possibly
• Acted (at present)
• Involvement of Private Sector

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SWUGs

• Village level maintenance (DHPs are VLOM)
• Need assistance with more complex repairs
• Members elected by community
• consists of 1-2 men that have technical skills
  and 1-2 women, the main water users and
  collectors.

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SWUGs

• Collects funds to purchase spare parts and
  building materials for water supply systems
  repair.
• Spare parts big issue
• 34 SWUG throughout 25 villages for DHPs installed
  to date

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Water Committees

• There is a need for a high level repair and
  maintenance service for the Deep Hand Pumps.
• Routine maintenance of these handpumps will be
  carried out at the village level by the small
  water user groups
• Some WCs already set up by ACTED to maintain the
  shallow hand pumps have expanded their activities
  to diversify their income becoming sustainable
• It is envisaged that the WCs can in future act as
  a distributor of spare parts to the village based
  SWUGs

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Private sector

• Production of spare parts by Fanon Engineering
• Encourage WCs to diversify and become small
  business

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Financing and cost recovery

• Community contributions
• Maintenance funds
• Lifetime costs

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Community Contributions

• US75 for each handpump (approx US1.50 from each
  family) served
• The purpose of the contribution is to ensure that
  the community take ownership of, and therefore
  responsibility for, the pump
• Over 90 of the SWUG interviewed stated that the
  pump belonged to the village, which is a very
  positive result
• The village do in fact legally own the pump, and
  it is formally signed over to them upon
  completion

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Spare Parts

• The quality, availability and distribution of
  spare parts are essential issues that must be
  addressed to ensure the long-term sustainability
  of handpumps
• At present ACTED has a limited stock of spare
  parts which will be distributed to the SWUGs at
  cost price
• Long term aim is to encourage the private sector
  to act as distributors for spare parts
• Production in Tajikistan

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Production in Tajikistan

• At the present time, Tajikistan does not posses
  the manufacturing capability to produce the
  Afridev (Pamir/Indus) handpump.
• One key constraint is the lack of an injection
  moulding machine which is required for components
  such as the footvalve, plunger and bearings.
• Alternative designs do exist for a brass
  footvalve, footvalve receiver and plunger.
• The Fannon general engineering factory, Dushanbe,
  has the capacity to machine these parts

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The end