The Cell: The Basic Unit of Life

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The Cell The Basic Unit of Life

• Revised by Jannie Dee Jenkins
• October, 2007

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The cell is the Basic Unit of Life

• The cell is the smallest unit of living organisms
• Unicellular organisms are made of one cell only
• The cells of multicellular organisms are
  specialized to perform different functions

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Basic Types of Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Bacterial Cell
Cells can only be observed under microscope.
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Number of Cells

• Organisms may be
• Unicellular composed of one cell
• Multicellular- composed of many cells

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Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotes include bacteria and lack a nucleus
  or membrane-bound structures called organelles
• Eukaryotes include most other cells and have a
  nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants,
  fungi, animals)

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Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
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Organelles(Different parts of Cell)

• Very small size
• Can only be observed under
• microscope
• Have specific functions
• Found throughout cytoplasm

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Organelles Found in Plant and Animal Cells
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Nucleus (Both)
Plant
Nucleus
Determines all of a plant cells activities and
the production of new cells.

Animal
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Chromosomes(Both)
Chromosomes
Threadlike structures that contain information
about the characteristics of the plant
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Cell membrane(Both)
Cell membrane
A covering that holds the plant cell together
and separates it from its surroundings
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Cell Wall(Plant)

• A rigid layer that supports and protects the
  plant cell.

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CytoplasmBoth
Cytoplasm
A jellylike substance that contains organelles
to carry out specific jobs
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Chloroplasts(Plant)
Chloroplasts
Contain the green pigment chlorophyll Traps
sunlight to make sugars (food) Process called
photosynthesis
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Mitochondria(Both)
Mitochondria
Rod shape Release energy from food Cell powerhouse
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Golgi Bodies

• The Golgi body packages the ribosomes for
  shipment to and use by other cells and other
  parts of the organism's body.

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Vacuole
Stores food, water, or wastes
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Smooth Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth and rough tubes that move and store
materials made by the cell
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes are little dot-like structures on
some of the endoplasmic reticulum they organize
and build proteins for the body.
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Compound Microscope

• Instrument for observing small objects
• Magnify images up to 2000X their size

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Different parts of a microscope
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Practice Time

• Rags to Riches
• Matching
• Cell Inspector